Red Scare And Mccarthyism

Question 1

What were the reasons for red scare international reasons?

Answer 1

The Cold War, the Greece civil war, The Truman Doctrine, communism fear, china proclaimed the people’s republic of china,

Question 2

What were the reasons for the red scare (national reasons)

Answer 2

FBI, Hoover, FBI investigated government workers, HUAC, Hollywood ten, the hiss case, the Rosenberg case

Question 3

When was the Cold War

Answer 3

1945-50

Question 4

When was the Greece civil war and who was it between?

Answer 4

1946, it was between the monarchists and the communist.

Question 5

Who was Truman and what did he do and when?

Answer 5

Truman was the president, and he asked congress for millions of dollars to help combat communist attempts to seize power in democratic countries.

Question 6

What was the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 6

It was a policy set out by President Truman, to help combat communist attempts, which was voted for by a frightened congress which gave him money.

Question 7

Why was congress afraid?

Answer 7

Because of the increasing soviet domination of Eastern Europe. In 1946,, Churchill claimed that Stalin was increasing his control of countries in Eastern Europe, destroying democratic governments and installing pro-soviet ‘puppet regimes’

Question 8

What is the Marshall plan?

Answer 8

The follow up after the Truman doctrine, this involved lending money and giving credits to the economies of Western European countries, to ensure they recovered and did not become communist.

Question 9

What did Stalin do and when?

Answer 9

In 1948, Stalin cut road and rail links between the West and West Berlin. It was a success but attitudes hardened own both sides. The American Public was now convinced that the communists aimed at world domination.

Question 10

What was happening in China in the red scare context?

Answer 10

China became communist, and was proclaimed the people’s republic of china. This meant USA had lost China to communism. It seemed Stalin was pulling all strings, and this was another attempt at world domination.

Question 11

What happened in the wartime conference of Yalta and when?

Answer 11

1945, Russia gained power to veto, in the UN. Which was bad for America.

Question 12

When did the USSR test the atomic bomb?

Answer 12

In 1949, this scared the Americans, because people didn’t think that Russia would get it so soon.

Question 13

What happened in Korea during the red scare?

Answer 13

It was invaded by the communist leader, Kim II-Sung. Who was aiming to unite the country under communist rule.This is another example of how the Cold War impacted the US. Because many Americans interpreted it as further proof of Stalin trying to seize another piece of territory.

Question 14

What was the FBIs role in the red scare?

Answer 14

Led by J.Edgar Hoover, the FBI, investigated suspected communists in the government. He numbered thousands of FBI filed on suspected reds.

Question 15

Who lead the FBI post WW2?

Answer 15

J. Edgar Hoover

Question 16

What did hoover set up in 1947?

Answer 16

The Federal Loyalty Boards, which investigated government workers suspected of communist sympathies or outright membership. Between 1947-51, 3 million workers were investigated. 3,000 lost their jobs, although none were convicted for spying.

Question 17

How many people were investigated by Federal Loyalty Boards?

Answer 17

3 MILLION WORKERS

Question 18

What did the FBI pass to HUAC?

Answer 18

Intelligence, when it began public hearings on the danger of communist infiltration and treachery.

Question 19

What does HUAC stand for?

Answer 19

House un-American committee

Question 20

How did the FBIs actions impact US society?

Answer 20

Because Hoover‘s investigations were copied by other institutions and businesses nationwide: thousands of workers lost their jobs as a result. It ruined families, partly through shame/disgrace and partly through economic ruin.

Question 21

When was the the HUAC set up and original remit?

Answer 21

Set up before the Cold War, and it’s Original remit had been to prevent the Nazis from infiltrating American society and destroying it from within. As the Cold war developed, its remit changed to hunting communists.

Question 22

Who was the HUAC supported by?

Answer 22

It was supported by the FBI

Question 23

Who did the HUAC investigate?

Answer 23

Hollywood, scientists, universities and trade unions

Question 24

Why did it not do not do good to plead either the 1st or 5th amendment?

Answer 24

Both strategies were interpreted as evasive and an admission of guilt.

Question 25

What role did HUAC play in the red scare in the 1920s?

Answer 25

It impacted society in several harmful ways. It played a major role in creating and sustaining the wave of anti-communist hysteria that swept American during the 1950s.

Question 26

How did HUAC change people‘s lives?

Answer 26

It destroyed reputations and even lives, as many suspects were blacklisted and could not work again and were forced into exile and some committed suicide in despair.

Question 27

What happened to businesses and unis that protected its work?

Answer 27

Businesses and universities which protected its workers were unofficially blacklisted, in the sense that consumers were discouraged from buying those businesses’ products, and the federal government refused to grant funding for research to the universities.

Question 28

What was the Hollywood 10?

Answer 28

Ten artists working in the movie industry who, when summoned for interrogation by HUAC, refocused to acknowledge the legitimacy of the proceedings, pleading their right under the 1st Amendment to the constitution to belong to any political organization they chose.

Question 29

What was the Hollywood 10?

Answer 29

Ten artists working in the movie industry who, when summoned for interrogation by HUAC, refocused to acknowledge the legitimacy of the proceedings, pleading their right under the 1st Amendment to the constitution to belong to any political organization they chose.

Question 30

What was different about the Hollywood ten case?

Answer 30

It was a more aggressive strategy than the adopted by many other artists summoned before HUAC, because they were also challenging HUAC‘s right of asking them questions.

Question 31

What was different about the Hollywood ten case?

Answer 31

It was a more aggressive strategy than the adopted by many other artists summoned before HUAC, because they were also challenging HUAC‘s right of asking them questions.

Question 32

How were the Hollywood Ten punished?

Answer 32

They were cited for contempt of Congress, jailed for one year, and forced to pay a $1000 fine. They were also blacklisted, so could not work for Hollywood.

Question 33

What were two features of the Hiss Case?

Answer 33

His legacy was reinterpreted because of mass hysteria
It made people believe that now even people high up could be a communist.
It intensified fear of a nationwide communist conspiracy and the belief that REDS were everywhere.

Question 34

How did Hiss case impact US society?

Answer 34

Because of the contexts during which it was on front page news:
Soviet testing atomic bomb
Outbreak of the Korean War
This caused a hysterical atmosphere.

Question 35

What was important abt Hiss‘ status and why?

Answer 35

He was considered a traditional member of the East Coast establishment, and it now seemed that he was a communist. This made America fear that communists were everywhere, even up high.

Question 36

Why did Hiss case accusations seem plausible?

Answer 36

Because the atmosphere was so hysterical, that it was believed anything could happen, if it was related to communism.

Question 37

When was the Rosenberg case and what was it?

Answer 37

1950, Klaus Fuchs, was arrested in Britatin and accused of passing atomic secrets to the soviets. He confessed and named others involved. The Rosenbergs were arrested and tried for spying (espionage). They denied the charges, but were executed by electric chair in 1953.

Question 38

What were the events leading up to the Rosenberg case?

Answer 38

The Hiss case, successful testing of the Soviet Union bomb, Korean War.

Question 39

What impact did the Rosenbverg case have?

Answer 39

It helped to convince people that there was a major communist conspiracy in the USA, and that no one could be trusted, not even scientists or members of the government, nor even a next-door neighbour.

Question 40

What link did the Rosenberg case show?

Answer 40

Many people saw a direct link between the leaking of atomic secrets to the soviets and the development of a soviet atomic bomb and the communist invasion of South Korea. This made fear more intense of spying and subversion which helped create context, so that MCcarthyism was believable.

Question 41

Why was the work of the FBI and HUAC and the Hiss and Rosenberg cases important?

Answer 41

It was important individually and collectively, because it created a big climate of fear, which had an impact on government policy.

Question 42

What Act was passed due to the work of the FBI and HUAC on the HISS and Rosenberg cases?

Answer 42

The McCarran Internal Security Act in 1950, which forced all communist organisations to register with the government.

Question 43

When was the McCarran internal security act strengthened?

Answer 43

1952, this meant all communists were denied passports and limited to certain jobs. If it was declared an emergency by the government, they could be placed in a detention camp without a trial.

Question 44

What was the role of McCarthy in the red scare?

Answer 44

He was the most notorious red baiter.

Question 45

What methods were used by McCarthy?

Answer 45

To make a speech covered by the press and to include a headline-catching accusation.

Question 46

When did Eisenhower win the election, and what did he do in the context of the red scare?

Answer 46

1952, he appointed McCarthy as Chairman of the Government Committee of the Operations of the Senate.

Question 47

What were classic features of McCarthyism?

Answer 47

Held hearings in public and in private
Had growing popularity earned support from senior Republican Party members

Question 48

Why was there a growth in opposition to McCarthy?

Answer 48

He was an attention seeker who made more serious accusations to keep publicity. He then attacked the army which was considered a step too far.

Question 49

Who did McCarthyism accuse that led to people being opposed to him?

Answer 49

George C.Marshall, who was the most senior soldier in ww2 and regarded to have done a brilliant job.

Question 50

What can be said about McCarthy?

Answer 50

To an extent he self destructed.

Question 51

Who was opposed to McCarthy?

Answer 51

The army, they fought back. The press, knowing there was only an amount of time before they would be accused, published anti-McCarthyism articles.

Question 52

What was the overall impact of McCarthy in the USA?

Answer 52

Impacted massively. Directly, indirectly, nationally and internationally, short, medium, and long term.

Question 53

What was McCarthyism impact on us citizens overall?

Answer 53

Impacted them directly because it caused unemployment. Hundreds of people and firms were blacklisted. Reputations were ruined, families broke up, some people committed suicide.

Question 54

What was McCarthyism impact abroad?

Answer 54

Negative, because it helped create a culture of anti-Americanism.

Question 55

What was McCarthyism impact us politics?

Answer 55

Corrosive, it bred suspicion, mistrust and silence. People avoided discussing politics as it was too dangerous. For decades, presidential candidates would accuse rivals of being soft on communism.

Question 56

What kind of phenomenon was the red scare?

Answer 56

Social and political, more damaging than the first red scare. Damaging to society and individual people

Question 57

What were the defining features of the red scare?

Answer 57

Its defining features were a climate of extreme fear amounting to hysteria, and false accusations that were in part symptomatic of this fear. In part, though, they were also the result of opportunism of men like McCarthy, who sought to thrive in the extreme climate he had in part helped to create. Other features were the covert passing of ‘intelligence’ from the FBI to Congressional Committees like HUAC (these committees were themselves a defining feature of the Red Scare), the practice of ‘blacklisting’ individuals and firms, to prevent people making a living, and the uncritical acceptance by society of sweeping generalisations (like the term ‘Red’ itself) that lumped democratic socialists and even liberals in with communists.