Red Flags Flashcards by Charlotte Norman

Dyspepsia

Blood in vomit or stools
Difficulty swallowing
Unexpected weight loss
Over 40 years and first presentation
Pain radiating down arm/cardiac association

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GORD

Blood in vomit or stools
Difficulty swallowing
Unexpected weight loss
Over 40 years and first presentation

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Colic

Failure to put on weight

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Constipation

Blood in stools
Bleeding from rectum
Nausea or vomiting
Abdominal pain
Changes in bowel habit >2 weeks

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Diarrhoea

Blood in stools
Mucus in stools
White fat-like liquid in stools
Severe abdominal pain
Lasting ≥1 day in children <1yr
Lasting ≥2 days in children <3yrs and the elderly
Lasting ≥3 days in older children and adults
Changes in bowel habit >2 weeks

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Irritable bowel syndrome

Blood in stools
White fat-like liquid in stools
Unexpected weight loss
Severe abdominal pain
Undiagnosed IBS

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Haemorrhoids (piles)

Blood in stools
Unexpected weight loss
Severe abdominal pain when emptying bowels

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Cough

Chest pain
Pain on inspiration
Wheezing
Shortness of breath
Coughing up blood

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Cold

Ear pain
Muscle ache/chills/fatigue/dry cough and vulnerable group
Pain on inspiration
Wheezing
Shortness of breath

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Hayfever (seasonal allergic rhinitis)

Unilateral nasal blockage

Muscle ache/chills/fatigue/dry cough and vulnerable group

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Teething in children

Meningitis symptoms: Excessive sleepiness or irritability/ vomiting or feeding poorly/crying a lot (moaning or high-pitched crying)/ high temperature, but look pale or blotchy/ cold extremities/bulging soft spot (fontanelle) on their head/being stiff, jerky, or have seizures (fits)*/purpuric rash (one which does not blanch white on pressure)

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Musculoskeletal pain – strains, sprains and bruises

Unusual unintended bruising
Weakness/numbness/tingling
Bladder/bowel issues since MSK injury presented
Suspected fracture
Infections signs
Nocturnal sweats/pain

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Headache and migraine

Different to previous headaches
Head injury
Meningitis symptoms: neck stiffness/vomiting/fever/rash/fainting/blackouts/ seizures

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Sleep problems

Associated anxiety

Associated low mood

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Travel sickness

none

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Threadworm

Travel abroad
Insomnia
Weight loss
Repeated occurrence

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Head lice

Signs of infection due to intensive itching

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Scabies

Signs of infection due to intensive itching

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Herpes simplex

Signs of infection
Lesions elsewhere on face or body
Eyes affected
Painless sores

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Shingles

Immunosuppresion

Eyes affected

Athlete’s foot

Signs of infection at wound site and systemic signs
Diabetics
Nail involvement

Fungal nail

Signs of infection at wound site and systemic signs
Diabetics
More than 2 toenails affected
Nail trauma

Ringworm

Signs of infection at wound site and systemic signs

Sweat rash

Signs of infection at wound site and systemic signs

Impetigo

Eczema Other medical conditions Signs of infection

Boil

Recurring boils | Signs of infection at wound site and systemic signs

Chickenpox, slapped cheek, hand foot & mouth, whooping cough

Meningitis symptoms | Septicaemia symptoms

Lower urinary tract infection

``` Blood in urine Signs of systemic infection – fever, sick/nausea Loin or back tenderness Unusual vaginal discharge Diabetics ```

Vaginal thrush (vulvovaginal candidiasis)

``` Lower abdominal pain Dysuria (painful urination) Signs of systemic infection – fever, sick/nausea Abnormal vaginal bleeding Blood stained discharge Diabetics ```

Dysmenorrhoea

Abnormal/severe bleeding Late period Signs of systemic infection – fever, sick/nausea Dull continuous pain, or severe lower abdominal pain that doesn’t decrease as your period ends

Conjunctivitis

``` Loss of vision Visual disturbances Photophobia Red eye – around coloured part of eye Eye injury history related to presenting complaint Recent eye surgery Vomiting ```

Dry eye

``` Loss of vision Visual disturbances Photophobia Signs of infection Eyelid involvement ```

Ear care – ear wax and ear infections

``` Foreign body in ear Dizziness Tinnitus Discharge Severe pain Itchiness Hearing loss ```

Mouth ulcers (aphthous ulcers)

``` Painless ulcer Ulcers > 1 cm in diameter or ulcers occurring in large number (crops of 5-10 or more) Sore tongue and corners of mouth Coincides with menstruation Associated diarrhoea ```

Dry mouth (xerostomia)

``` Receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy Increased urination Dehydration signs Dry eyes Joint pain Dysphagia ```

Oropharyngeal candidiasis

Axial cheilitis (angular stomatitis)

``` Fatigues Shortness of breath Headached Signs of infection Ulceration in mouth ```

Sore throat

``` Signs of infection Dysphagia Difficult breathing Tonsillar exudate Swollen glands ```

Eczema

Signs of infection Facial involvement Widespread area Refer after 7 days if OTC is recommended

Contact dermatitis

Signs of infection Facial involvement Widespread area Refer after 7 days if OTC is recommended

Seborrhoeic scalp conditions

``` Signs of infection Redness of scalp Scaly scalp Lesions on other parts of the body Hair loss Refer after 4 weeks if OTC is recommended ```

Psoriasis

Signs of infection Widespread Itchy lesions Refer after 2 weeks

Urticaria

``` Anaphylaxis (swelling of face, arms or neck) Difficulty breathing Tight throat/chest Signs of infection Widespread rash Refer after 2 days ```

Verrucas and warts

``` Diabetes Change in size or colour Itching Bleeding Warts on facial or genital area Widespread effect Refer after 3 months ```

Nappy rash

Rash present anywhere other than nappy area Signs of infection Diarrhoea

Acne vulgaris

Moderate to severe acne

Burns or scalds

Greater than the patients hand size Burns on face, hands, feet, genitalia, flexure and axillary Blistering Pale/charred burn Refer after 7-21 days or if signs of infection present

Bites and stings

Signs of infection | Refer after 3-5 days