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BOARD: BIOMED > Red Flag S/S > Flashcards

Red Flag S/S Flashcards

1
Q

Arrhythmias

A
  • Sensation of fluttering, flopping, or racing heartbeat in chest
  • Acute dizziness
  • Chest pain
  • SOB
  • Hypotension
  • Abnormal pulse (too fast, too slow, or irregular)
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2
Q

Hypertension

A
  • Often asymptomatic
  • Headache
  • Nocturia
  • Nosebleeds
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3
Q

Hypertensive Crisis

A
  • Blood pressure over 180/120
  • Severe headache
  • Confusion
  • Blurred vision
  • Severe chest pain
  • Seizures
  • Nausea, vomiting
  • SOB
  • &/Or unresponsiveness

Medical emergency- call 911

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4
Q

Hypotension

A
  • Dizziness
  • Fainting
  • Lightheadedness
  • Cold skin & extremities
  • Nausea
  • Blurry visions
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5
Q

Myocardial infarction: (MI) “HT Attack”

A
  • Pain in the chest lasting more than a few minutes (may come and go)
  • Pressure or squeezing sensation in chest
  • SOB
  • Pain that radiates into arm (esp. Left), neck, jaw, or back

Medical Emergency: Call 911

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6
Q

Angina pectoris

A
  • Chest pain and discomfort in middle 1/3 of sternum
  • Pain may radiate to left jaw, neck & arm
  • Pain follows exertion, eating, meals, or during periods of stres
  • Pain relieved by rest
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7
Q

Heart failure: (Congestive Heart Failure- CHF):

A
  • Fatigue
  • SOB (esp. lying down)
  • Swelling in legs/ankles/feet/abdomen
  • Weight gain
  • Persistent cough (esp. w/ pink frothy mucus)
  • Wheezing
  • Irregular heartbeats
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8
Q

Deep vein thrombosis:

A
  • Swelling in ankle or lower leg (if clot in leg)
  • Cramp-like pain in calf
  • Increased warmth to area
  • Color changes of skin in area (red or blue)

May be asymptomatic

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9
Q

Aortic Aneurysm

A
  • Throbbing feeling in abdomen (felt by patient or by physician on physical exam)
  • Pain in the abdomen or back
  • W/ Rupture: Severe pain
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10
Q

Cerebral Aneurysm:

A
  • Vision difficulties
  • Pain in the eye
  • Numbness or drooping on one side of face
  • Dilated pupil
  • W/ Rupture: sudden, severe headache
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11
Q

Pediculus humanus (Head Lice):

A
  • Small whitish flecks on shaft of hair, near scalp
  • Seeing lice crawling on hair
  • Tickling sensation on head
  • Itching
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12
Q

Phthirus pubis: (pubic lice or “crabs”)

A
  • Itching in genital area
  • Tickling sensation
  • Seeing darker and larger lice crawling on skin and hair
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13
Q

Athlete’s Foot (Tinea pedis):

A
  • Dry, itchy cracked skin on feet
  • Commonly skin between toes, on soles, or top of foot
  • Deep cracks in skin can lead to bleeding
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14
Q

Scabies

A
  • Intense itching
  • Redness seen in area of infection
  • Burrows seen under skin
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15
Q

Basal cell carcinoma:

A
  • Shiny, dome-shaped lesions
  • Later develop a central ulcer w/ pearly beaded edge
  • Most often in sun-exposed areas of face
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16
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A
  • Lesions are scaly, reddened papules (small, round elevations)
  • Often on scalp, ears, dorsal surfaces of hands, lower lip
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17
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A
  • Lesions appear as spreading brown or black patches
  • Can arise spontaneously or develop from a mole or pigmented spot
  • ABCDE:
    • A=Assymetry
    • B=Border
    • C=Color
    • D=Diameter (6mm)
    • E=evolving over time (changes)
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18
Q

Thyroid Storm

(excessive thyroid function)

A
  • Agitation
  • Anxiety
  • Confusion
  • Palpitation
  • Arrhythmia
  • Diaphoresis
  • Heat intolerance
  • Diarrhea
  • Exopthalmos
  • Pretibial Myxedema
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19
Q

Diverticulitis

(Diverticular disease)

A
  • Severe abdominal pain
  • Tenderness LLQ, (worse w/ pressure)
  • If d/t infection:
    • Fever/chills
    • Nausea, vomiting
    • Cramping
    • Bloating
    • Constipation
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20
Q

Appendicitis

A
  • Pain in abdomen
    • First periumbilical, then RLQ (McBurney’s Point)
  • (+) McBurney Point
  • (+) Psoas Sign
  • (+) Obturator Sign
  • (+) Rebound Tenderness
  • (+) Rovsing’s Sign
  • Loss of appetite
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Constipation or diarrhea
  • Inability to pass gas
  • Low fever (after other s/s)
  • Abdominal swelling

W/ Rupture: Acute Peritonitis (infection in abd. Cavity) can be life threatening

Caution: Women similar S/S Ectopic Pregnancy→ Ruptured Fallopian Tube

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21
Q

Acute Pancreatitis

A
  • Severe upper abdominal pain (above umbilicus, mid-abdomen & below sternum)
  • Pain radiates to back
  • Nausea, vomiting
  • Tenderness abdomen w/ pressure
22
Q

Impetigo

A
  • Red spots form on skin→ blistering pustules→ yellow crust
  • Itchy sores
23
Q

Meningitis

(Bacterial or Viral)

A
  • Fever
  • Fatigue
  • Very stiff neck, limited movement
  • Neck very painful w/ cervical flexion

Three main clinical signs that indicate meningism:

  • Nuchal rigidity
    • Inability flex neck forward d/t rigidity neck muscles
  • Kernig’s sign
    • Severe stiffness of hamstrings causes an inability to straighten leg when hip flexed to 90 degrees
  • Brudzinski’s signs
    • Involuntary lifting of legs when lifting patients head off exam table
24
Q

Depression

A
  • Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, worthlessness, anxiety, or suicide
  • Irritability
  • Loss of interest in usual activities
  • Insomnia or excessive sleeping
  • Fatigue
  • Body aches
  • Changes in appetitie
  • Difficulty making decisions
25
Q

Bipolar

(Manic-depressive illness)

A
  • Episodes of mania & depression
  • Manic state s/s:
    • Overly happy feeling
    • Sleeping little
    • Agitation
    • Impulsive behaviors
    • Easily distracted
    • Engaging in risky behaviors
  • Depressive state s/s:
    • Sleep changes
    • Feeling low
    • Sadness
    • Worthlessness
    • Irritability
    • Loss of interest in activities
    • Suicidal thoughts
26
Q

Suicidality/Suicidal Depression

A
  • Appear sad, depressed, anxious
  • Hopeless about life
  • Talking about death
  • Sleep difficulties (insomnia or sleeping all the time)
  • Feeling failure
  • Mood swings
  • Withdrawing from family/friends
  • Abusing drugs/alcohol
  • May give away important possessions
  • Get affairs in order
  • Start purchasing things that may harm themselves (weapons, pills)
  • Engage in reckless behavior
  • Call/post messages that may insinuate saying goodbye

CALL 911

27
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A
  • A strong fear of gaining weight (even if already underweight)
  • Refuse to stay at a healthy weight
  • Distorted body image
  • 3 or more missed menstrual cycles (women)
  • Refuse to eat or eat in very small amoutns
  • Exercise all the time
  • Take diuretics or laxatives
28
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A
  • Preoccupied w/ weight
  • Eating large amounts of food in private
  • Visiting the bathroom during meals
  • Excessive exercise
  • Weight fluctuation
  • Bad breath
  • Tooth decay
  • Sores in mouth or throat
  • Feeling shame about eating
  • depression
29
Q

Acute Compartment Syndrome

A
  • Pain more intense than would be expected from injury itself
  • Using or stretching involved muscles increases pain
  • May be tingling or burning sensations (paresthesias) in skin
  • Muscle may feel tight or full
  • Numbness or paralysis
    • are late signs of coompartment syndrome
    • usually indicate permanent tissue injury

Medical & surgical emergency

30
Q

Stroke

A
  • Speech difficulties
  • Muscle weakness in face, arm or leg (often one-sided/hemiplegia)
  • Blurred vision
  • Loss of balance
  • Sudden severe headache
  • Confusion
  • TIA: (Transient Ischemic Attack)
    • red flag of impending stroke
  • F.A.S.T.:
    • Face drooping on one side
    • Arm weakness
    • Speech difficulty (slurred or incoherent)
    • Time: note time S/S started

CALL 911

31
Q

Radiculopathies

A
  • Pain, tingling or numbness following dermatomal distribution of nerve root
  • Muscle weakness in muscles served by nerve root
32
Q

Sciatica

(type radiculopathy)

A
  • Low back pain
  • Pain in gluteal region
  • Pain down back of leg (possibly into foot)
  • Muscle weakness or numbness in leg or foot
33
Q

Transient ischemic attack

(TIA)

A
  • Temporary numbness
  • Paralysis
  • Impaired speech
34
Q

Vertigo

A
  • Spinning sensation
  • Dizziness
35
Q

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

A

Concussion

  • May have temporary loss of consciousness
  • Headache
  • Difficulty w/ mental processes (thinking clearly, memory, concentration)
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • Blurred vision
  • Vertigo
  • Fatigue
  • Sleep changes
36
Q

Lung Cancer

A
  • No S/S early to mid-stage
  • S/S show when advanced
  • Persistent cough which doesn’t go away
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Wheezing
  • Coughing up blood (hemoptysis)
  • SOB
  • Chest pain
37
Q

Stomach Cancer

(Gastric Carcinoma)

A
  • Weight loss
  • Indigestion
  • Possible tenderness on palpation of left upper quadrant
  • Possible hematemesis or melana
    • vomiting of bloody materials or materials that look like dark coffee grounds
38
Q

Colon Cancer

(Colorectal Cancer)

A
  • Blood in fecal material (hematochezia)
  • Constipation
  • Abdominal pain or bloating
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Fatigue

May be asymptomatic early stages

39
Q

Pancreas

(Pancreatic Cancer)

A
  • Pain in upper abdomen: may radiate into back (Left sided)
  • Weight loss
  • Decreased appetite
  • Jaundice
  • Fatigue
  • Cotton colored stools (pancreas head)
40
Q

Breast Cancer

A
  • Change in skin texture
  • Palpable lump
  • Puckering or leakage from nipple
41
Q

Prostate Cancer

(Prostatic Cancer)

A
  • Difficulty urinating
  • Weak flow of urine
  • Blood in urine
  • Nighttime urination
  • Pain in abdomen or back
  • Erectile dysfunction
42
Q

Uterine Cancer

(Edometrial/Uterine Cancer)

A

Abnormal uterine bleeding (esp. in postmenopausal women)

43
Q

Bone Cancer

A
  • Pain in bone
  • Swelling in area
44
Q

Liver Cancer

A
  • Pain in RUQ abdomen
  • Jaundice
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Abdominal swelling (Ascites)
  • Nausea/vomiting
45
Q

Cervical Cancer

A
  • Maybe asymptomatic
  • Bleeding after intercourse (late stage)
46
Q

Pneumothorax

(Collapsed Lung)

A
  • Sharp, sudden pain in area chest where collapsed LU
  • SOB
47
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy

A
  • Pain, cramping, & bloody discharge in 1st trimester of pregnancy
  • Pain may be in lower abdominal area & refer into shoulder
48
Q

Toxemia/Pre-eclampsia

A
  • Hypertension
  • Proteinuria
  • Excessive edema
  • Eclampsia= S/S Pre-eclampsia + Seizures
49
Q

Kidney stones

(Renal Calculi)

A
  • Sharp, intense pain in abdomen or low back
  • Dysuria
  • Hematuria
50
Q

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

A
  • Painful, frequent, sometimes blood-tinged or cloudy urination
  • Fever
  • Strong, unusual odor to urine (“fishy”)
51
Q

Pyelonephritis (Kidney Infection)

(UTI → KD)

A
  • Fever
  • Pain
  • Polyuria (Increased frequency of urination )
  • Dysuria (Painful urination)
  • Referred lumbar pain

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