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BOARD: BIOMED > Red Flag S/S > Flashcards

Red Flag S/S Flashcards

1
Q

Arrhythmias

A
  • Sensation of fluttering, flopping, or racing heartbeat in chest
  • Acute dizziness
  • Chest pain
  • SOB
  • Hypotension
  • Abnormal pulse (too fast, too slow, or irregular)
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2
Q

Hypertension

A
  • Often asymptomatic
  • Headache
  • Nocturia
  • Nosebleeds
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3
Q

Hypertensive Crisis

A
  • Blood pressure over 180/120
  • Severe headache
  • Confusion
  • Blurred vision
  • Severe chest pain
  • Seizures
  • Nausea, vomiting
  • SOB
  • &/Or unresponsiveness

Medical emergency- call 911

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4
Q

Hypotension

A
  • Dizziness
  • Fainting
  • Lightheadedness
  • Cold skin & extremities
  • Nausea
  • Blurry visions
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5
Q

Myocardial infarction: (MI) “HT Attack”

A
  • Pain in the chest lasting more than a few minutes (may come and go)
  • Pressure or squeezing sensation in chest
  • SOB
  • Pain that radiates into arm (esp. Left), neck, jaw, or back

Medical Emergency: Call 911

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6
Q

Angina pectoris

A
  • Chest pain and discomfort in middle 1/3 of sternum
  • Pain may radiate to left jaw, neck & arm
  • Pain follows exertion, eating, meals, or during periods of stres
  • Pain relieved by rest
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7
Q

Heart failure: (Congestive Heart Failure- CHF):

A
  • Fatigue
  • SOB (esp. lying down)
  • Swelling in legs/ankles/feet/abdomen
  • Weight gain
  • Persistent cough (esp. w/ pink frothy mucus)
  • Wheezing
  • Irregular heartbeats
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8
Q

Deep vein thrombosis:

A
  • Swelling in ankle or lower leg (if clot in leg)
  • Cramp-like pain in calf
  • Increased warmth to area
  • Color changes of skin in area (red or blue)

May be asymptomatic

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9
Q

Aortic Aneurysm

A
  • Throbbing feeling in abdomen (felt by patient or by physician on physical exam)
  • Pain in the abdomen or back
  • W/ Rupture: Severe pain
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10
Q

Cerebral Aneurysm:

A
  • Vision difficulties
  • Pain in the eye
  • Numbness or drooping on one side of face
  • Dilated pupil
  • W/ Rupture: sudden, severe headache
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11
Q

Pediculus humanus (Head Lice):

A
  • Small whitish flecks on shaft of hair, near scalp
  • Seeing lice crawling on hair
  • Tickling sensation on head
  • Itching
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12
Q

Phthirus pubis: (pubic lice or “crabs”)

A
  • Itching in genital area
  • Tickling sensation
  • Seeing darker and larger lice crawling on skin and hair
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13
Q

Athlete’s Foot (Tinea pedis):

A
  • Dry, itchy cracked skin on feet
  • Commonly skin between toes, on soles, or top of foot
  • Deep cracks in skin can lead to bleeding
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14
Q

Scabies

A
  • Intense itching
  • Redness seen in area of infection
  • Burrows seen under skin
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15
Q

Basal cell carcinoma:

A
  • Shiny, dome-shaped lesions
  • Later develop a central ulcer w/ pearly beaded edge
  • Most often in sun-exposed areas of face
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16
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A
  • Lesions are scaly, reddened papules (small, round elevations)
  • Often on scalp, ears, dorsal surfaces of hands, lower lip
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17
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A
  • Lesions appear as spreading brown or black patches
  • Can arise spontaneously or develop from a mole or pigmented spot
  • ABCDE:
    • A=Assymetry
    • B=Border
    • C=Color
    • D=Diameter (6mm)
    • E=evolving over time (changes)
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18
Q

Thyroid Storm

(excessive thyroid function)

A
  • Agitation
  • Anxiety
  • Confusion
  • Palpitation
  • Arrhythmia
  • Diaphoresis
  • Heat intolerance
  • Diarrhea
  • Exopthalmos
  • Pretibial Myxedema
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19
Q

Diverticulitis

(Diverticular disease)

A
  • Severe abdominal pain
  • Tenderness LLQ, (worse w/ pressure)
  • If d/t infection:
    • Fever/chills
    • Nausea, vomiting
    • Cramping
    • Bloating
    • Constipation
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20
Q

Appendicitis

A
  • Pain in abdomen
    • First periumbilical, then RLQ (McBurney’s Point)
  • (+) McBurney Point
  • (+) Psoas Sign
  • (+) Obturator Sign
  • (+) Rebound Tenderness
  • (+) Rovsing’s Sign
  • Loss of appetite
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Constipation or diarrhea
  • Inability to pass gas
  • Low fever (after other s/s)
  • Abdominal swelling

W/ Rupture: Acute Peritonitis (infection in abd. Cavity) can be life threatening

Caution: Women similar S/S Ectopic Pregnancy→ Ruptured Fallopian Tube

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21
Q

Acute Pancreatitis

A
  • Severe upper abdominal pain (above umbilicus, mid-abdomen & below sternum)
  • Pain radiates to back
  • Nausea, vomiting
  • Tenderness abdomen w/ pressure
22
Q

Impetigo

A
  • Red spots form on skin→ blistering pustules→ yellow crust
  • Itchy sores
23
Q

Meningitis

(Bacterial or Viral)

A
  • Fever
  • Fatigue
  • Very stiff neck, limited movement
  • Neck very painful w/ cervical flexion

Three main clinical signs that indicate meningism:

  • Nuchal rigidity
    • Inability flex neck forward d/t rigidity neck muscles
  • Kernig’s sign
    • Severe stiffness of hamstrings causes an inability to straighten leg when hip flexed to 90 degrees
  • Brudzinski’s signs
    • Involuntary lifting of legs when lifting patients head off exam table
24
Q

Depression

A
  • Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, worthlessness, anxiety, or suicide
  • Irritability
  • Loss of interest in usual activities
  • Insomnia or excessive sleeping
  • Fatigue
  • Body aches
  • Changes in appetitie
  • Difficulty making decisions
25
**Bipolar** | (Manic-depressive illness)
* Episodes of **mania** & **depression** * **Manic** state s/s: * Overly happy feeling * Sleeping little * Agitation * Impulsive behaviors * Easily distracted * Engaging in risky behaviors * **Depressive** state s/s: * Sleep changes * Feeling low * Sadness * Worthlessness * Irritability * Loss of interest in activities * Suicidal thoughts
26
**Suicidality/Suicidal Depression**
* Appear sad, depressed, anxious * Hopeless about life * Talking about death * Sleep difficulties (insomnia or sleeping all the time) * Feeling failure * Mood swings * Withdrawing from family/friends * Abusing drugs/alcohol * May give away important possessions * Get affairs in order * Start purchasing things that may harm themselves (weapons, pills) * Engage in reckless behavior * Call/post messages that may insinuate saying goodbye ## Footnote ***CALL 911***
27
**Anorexia nervosa**
* A strong fear of gaining weight (even if already underweight) * Refuse to stay at a healthy weight * Distorted body image * 3 or more missed menstrual cycles (women) * Refuse to eat or eat in very small amoutns * Exercise all the time * Take diuretics or laxatives
28
**Bulimia nervosa**
* Preoccupied w/ weight * Eating large amounts of food in private * Visiting the bathroom during meals * Excessive exercise * Weight fluctuation * Bad breath * Tooth decay * Sores in mouth or throat * Feeling shame about eating * depression
29
**Acute Compartment Syndrome**
* Pain more intense than would be expected from injury itself * Using or stretching involved muscles increases pain * May be tingling or burning sensations (paresthesias) in skin * Muscle may feel tight or full * Numbness or paralysis * are late signs of coompartment syndrome * usually indicate permanent tissue injury ## Footnote ***Medical & surgical emergency***
30
**Stroke**
* Speech difficulties * Muscle weakness in face, arm or leg (often one-sided/hemiplegia) * Blurred vision * Loss of balance * Sudden severe headache * Confusion * **TIA**: (**T**ransient **I**schemic **A**ttack) * red flag of impending stroke * **F.A.S.T.:** * **F**ace drooping on one side * **A**rm weakness * **S**peech difficulty (slurred or incoherent) * **T**ime: note time S/S started CALL 911
31
**Radiculopathies**
* Pain, tingling or numbness following dermatomal distribution of nerve root * Muscle weakness in muscles served by nerve root
32
**Sciatica** | (type radiculopathy)
* Low back pain * Pain in gluteal region * Pain down back of leg (possibly into foot) * Muscle weakness or numbness in leg or foot
33
**Transient ischemic attack** | (TIA)
* Temporary numbness * Paralysis * Impaired speech
34
**Vertigo**
* Spinning sensation * Dizziness
35
**Traumatic brain injury** (TBI)
***Concussion*** * May have temporary loss of consciousness * Headache * Difficulty w/ mental processes (thinking clearly, memory, concentration) * Nausea/vomiting * Blurred vision * Vertigo * Fatigue * Sleep changes
36
**Lung Cancer**
* No S/S early to mid-stage * S/S show when advanced * Persistent cough which doesn't go away * Unexplained weight loss * Wheezing * Coughing up blood (hemoptysis) * SOB * Chest pain
37
**Stomach Cancer** ***(Gastric Carcinoma)***
* Weight loss * Indigestion * Possible tenderness on palpation of left upper quadrant * Possible hematemesis or melana * vomiting of bloody materials or materials that look like dark coffee grounds
38
**Colon Cancer** ***(Colorectal Cancer)***
* Blood in fecal material (hematochezia) * Constipation * Abdominal pain or bloating * Unexplained weight loss * Fatigue ## Footnote ***May be asymptomatic early stages***
39
**Pancreas** ***(Pancreatic Cancer)***
* Pain in upper abdomen: may radiate into back (Left sided) * Weight loss * Decreased appetite * Jaundice * Fatigue * Cotton colored stools (pancreas head)
40
**Breast Cancer**
* Change in skin texture * Palpable lump * Puckering or leakage from nipple
41
**Prostate Cancer** ***(Prostatic Cancer)***
* Difficulty urinating * Weak flow of urine * Blood in urine * Nighttime urination * Pain in abdomen or back * Erectile dysfunction
42
**Uterine Cancer** ***(Edometrial/Uterine Cancer)***
Abnormal uterine bleeding (esp. in postmenopausal women)
43
**Bone Cancer**
* Pain in bone * Swelling in area
44
**Liver Cancer**
* Pain in RUQ abdomen * Jaundice * Unexplained weight loss * Abdominal swelling (Ascites) * Nausea/vomiting
45
**Cervical Cancer**
* *Maybe asymptomatic* * Bleeding after intercourse (late stage)
46
**Pneumothorax** ***(Collapsed Lung)***
* Sharp, sudden pain in area chest where collapsed LU * SOB
47
**Ectopic Pregnancy**
* Pain, cramping, & bloody discharge in 1st trimester of pregnancy * Pain may be in lower abdominal area & refer into shoulder
48
**Toxemia/Pre-eclampsia**
* Hypertension * Proteinuria * Excessive edema * ***Eclampsia***= S/S *Pre-eclampsia* + **Seizures**
49
**Kidney stones** ***(Renal Calculi)***
* Sharp, intense pain in abdomen or low back * Dysuria * Hematuria
50
**Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)**
* Painful, frequent, sometimes blood-tinged or cloudy urination * Fever * Strong, unusual odor to urine ("fishy")
51
**Pyelonephritis (Kidney Infection)** ***(UTI → KD)***
* Fever * Pain * Polyuria (Increased frequency of urination ) * Dysuria (Painful urination) * Referred lumbar pain

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