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ophthalmology > red eye > Flashcards

red eye Flashcards

1
Q

main cause of red eye

A

conjunctivitis

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2
Q

what is more common, bacterial or viral conjunctivitis?

A

viral is more common

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3
Q

which medication can cause chronic conjunctivitis?

A

glaucoma medication

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4
Q

unilateral/bilateral for bacterial and viral conjunctivitis?

A

viral usually bilateral, bacterial usually starts unilateral and becomes bilateral

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5
Q

when would you get a peripheral ulcer?

A

autoimmne disease - e.g. SLE

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6
Q

what kind of ulcer do you usually get in infective keratitis?

A

central ulcer

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7
Q

dendritic ulcer cause?

A

HSV

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8
Q

investigation of a corneal ulcer?

A

corneal scrape

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9
Q

what do you not give until you’ve ruled out HSV?

A

steroids - can lead to progression of the infection and corneal melting

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10
Q

treatment of bacterial keratitis?

A

c of Garyowen
cefuroxime
gentamycin
ofloxacin

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11
Q

what kind of drug is ofloxacin ?

A

quinolone

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12
Q

what is the purpose of steroids in anterior uveitis ?

A

reduce inflammation and prevent complication such as glaucoma and adhesions

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13
Q

why do you want to dilate the eye?

A

pupil dilation reduces pressure in the eye and relieves pain

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14
Q

which muscle does cyclopentolate work on?

A

anti cholinergic effect on the sphincter. relaxes sphincter causing dilution of the pupil. relaxation of sphincter and ciliary body eases pain

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15
Q

episcleritis is inflammation of what?

A

space between conjunctive and sclera

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16
Q

the most common ocular manifestation of IBD?

A

episcleritis

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17
Q

redness in eyes, blanches with phenylephrine ?

A

episcleritis

18
Q

the 4Ss of scleritis

A

scleritis
severe pain
sleep
steroids and NSAIDS

19
Q

what two bacteria can cause endophthalmitis

A

propionibacterium

staph epidermidis

20
Q

what is the treatment of endophthalmitis?

A

itra vitreal vancomycin and amykacin

21
Q

pain and swelling over inferior/medial aspect of eye. Tearing, crusting and fever?

A

dacryocystitis

inflammation and infection of the nasolacrimal duct

22
Q

treatment of dacryocystitis

A

1st line is chloramphenicol

2nd linee oral antibiotics

23
Q

what can you do to dacryocystitis if not respond to treatment ?

A

surgical correction

24
Q

where does orbital cellulitis develop?

A

behind the orbital septum

25
Q

difference between orbital cellulitis and pre orbital cellulitis

A

orbital cellulitis is all behind the eye which causes loss of vision, paralysis, loss of moveent and affects site.
however, peri orbital cellulitis is less inflammation at the front. you don’t get these symptoms.

26
Q

treatment of peri orbital cellulitis

A

co amoxiclav for 7-10 days

27
Q

management of orbital cellulitis

A

cead mile failte
ceftriaxone
metronidazole
flucloxacillin

28
Q

two causes of vision loss with relative afferent pupillary defect?

A

retinal detachment and optic neuritis

29
Q

whats a RAPD?

A

pupils constrict less (therefore appearing to dilate) when a bright light is swung from the unaffected eye to the affected eye.

30
Q

do you get an RAPD in CRAO?

A

yes

31
Q

causesof CRAO?

A

GCA
emboli
atherosclerosis

32
Q

management of CRAO if present after 24 hours?

A

nil –> too late

33
Q

management of CRAO if presents 12-24 hours?

A

try to move clot to branch artery
ocular massage
IV acetazolamide

34
Q

which is more common, CRAO or CRVO?

A

vein occlusion is more common

35
Q

does site come back with central retinal artery occlusion ?

A

no

36
Q

why would raised intraocular pressure cause central vein occlusion?

A

would cause venous stasis

37
Q

colour of retina in artery occlusion?

A

pale

38
Q

retina in vein occlusion?

A

fiery sunset

39
Q

will vision come back in vein occlusion?

A

variable degree of return of vision

40
Q

management of hyphema?

A

urgent referral to ophthalmology

ophthalmology (7 decks)

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