Red Cards Flashcards
Tariff of 1832
In order to appease the South, Andrew Jackson sought to lower this tariff from the outrageous 45% duties to a mere 35%. This change did little to placate the Southerners. South Carolina nullified this tariff and threatened to secede from the Union if Jackson attempted to collect the duties by force. Jackson did make military preparations, but stopped short of sending troops to South Carolina.
Tariff of 1828
New Englanders pushed for this tax to protect themselves from foreign competitors. It was referred to as the “Tariff of Abominations” by John C. Calhoun
Force Bill
This bill, which Andrew Jackson encouraged Congress to pass, gave the president the power to use military force to collect tariffs if the need arose.
Indian Removal Act
This act, which was signed into law in 1830, provided for the immediate resettlement of Native Americans living in Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and present-day Illinois. These tribes were considered “civilized”–a few of them had written alphabets, practiced democracy, an had converted to Christianity. By 1835, some 100,000 Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole Indians had been forcibly removed from their homelands.
Cherokee Nation vs Georgia
This court case came as a result of he fact that by 1835, some 100,000 Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole Indians had been forcibly removed from their homelands. This particular nation refused to go down without a fight, am took their case against the state of Georgia to the Supreme Court. In 1831, this court case ruled that the tribe was not a sovereign foreign nation and therefore had no right to sue for jurisdiction over their homelands.
Worcester vs Georgia
In this 1832 court case, Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that the state could not restrict the tribe from inviting outsiders into their territory, this nullifying Georgia state laws within Cherokee territory. President Jackson was incensed and allegedly said , “John Marshall hassle his decision; now let him enforce it.” Jackson believe that it was his duty to enforce the Constitution as he interpreted it. Unfortunately, for the Cherokee, the federal government did not come to their aid. By 1838, all of them were forcibly removed from the state of Georgia.
Corrupt Bargain
This term is used to describe the following incident: The election of 1824 pitted four candidates from the Republican Party to vie for the presidency: John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, William Crawford, and Andrew Jackson. In the end, Jackson won the popular vote, but no one had a majority of electoral votes. It was left up to the House of Representatives to choose the president. Clay, a key opponent of Jackson’s, used his pull to push Adams to the front of he pack. President Adams then appointed Clay as his Secretary of State
Spoils Stystem
Andrew Jackson was a proponent of this system. He would appoint those who supported his campaign with government positions. Many felt that this practice bred corruption an tainted the political process.
Kitchen Cabinet
This was the term used to describe Jackson’s unofficial cabinet, to which many of his friends were appointed. This was a negative term created by critics who lamented that the group of advisors did not have to answer to Congress as they were not “official cabinet officers”.
Charles G. Finney
This Presbyterian minister appealed to his audience’s sense of emotion rather than their reason. His “fire and brimstone” sermons became commonplace in upstate New York, where listeners were instilled with the fear of Satan and an eternity in Hell. He insists that parishioners could save themselves through good works and a steadfast faith in God. This region of New York became known as the “burned-over district”, because this minister preached of the dangers of eternal damnation across the countryside.
Dorothea Dix
This woman crusaded for the improvement of American mental institutions to care for the nation’s mentally I’ll population. She crusaded relentlessly until patients were removed from prisons and other deplorable conditions and given proper treatment.
Horace Mann
This man was the leader of the movement to reform the public school system in the United States. Before the 1840s , compulsory school attendance was not common. He was instrumental in spreading state-funded free public education for youngsters across the country.
Harriet Tubman
This woman, along with Sojourner Truth, helped fugitive slave flee slave states or the United Sates through an elaborate network called the Underground Railroad.
Harper’s Ferry
Location of an attack that occurred at the federal arsenal in Virginia. Abolitionist John Brown, who ha taken part in the Pattawatomie Creek massacre, and his followers staged a raid here. Brown, claiming he was given orders right from God, hoped to arm slaves in the surrounding plantations to overthrow the whites and create a free black state. In October 1859, Brown and his gang seized the arsenal and managed to hold off the Virginia militia for two days. They were finally captured, tried for treason, and hanged.
Popular Sovereignty
The concept indicated that the issue of slavery would be decided by the citizens of the territory.
Robert E. Lee
The military genius and general in the Confederate Army engaged Union troops in the Second Battle of Bull Run and then defeated Burnside at the Battle of Fredericksburg. The following year, he kept his men fighting vigorously in the eastern United States. In a last ditch effort to invade the North, garner foreign support, and force the Union to sue for peace, he invaded Pennsylvania while Union forces kept close tabs on the Confederates. The armies converge at Gettysburg. This general could not recover from losses here and retreated back. Ultimately, he agreed to surrender.
Ulysses S. Grant
This Union general fought his way through Kentucky and Tennessee, and participated in a bloody battle at Shiloh in April 1862. By the spring of 1863, he controlled the city of New Orleans and almost the entire Mississippi River region. To complete the removal of the Confederates, he launched attack on Vicksburg. Union forces lay siege for seven weeks on the fortified city. Another turning point for the Union, it now controlled the length of the Mississippi River and the surrounding regions. It was this feral who surrounded General Lee when he surrendered.
Copperheads
The name for Northern and Western Democrats in Congress who wished for an end to what they deemed an “unjust war”. They were named after the poisonous snake from the same name due to the venom they spit as they spoke. They did not approve if the President Lincoln’s broad use of executive power and called for an immediate end to the Civil War.
Freedmen
The name given to the former slaves who fled the North and often fought for the Union Army.
New York Draft Riots
These uprisings occurred as an indirect result of the Union’s first federal conscription law to draft young men to military service in 1863. The draft, as well as the Emancipation Proclamation, which had conscripted soldiers believing they had been duped into fighting a war for emancipation instead of merely for the Union’s preservation, caused angry Irish-Americans to react violently. In the end, some 500 people were killed, and whole city blocks were destroyed by fire.
