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Red cards Flashcards

0
Q

The Missouri Compromise

A

Bills proposed by Henry clay that….

  • allowed Missouri as slave state
  • Maine as free state
  • slavery not permitted in states above 36’30 line.
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1
Q

The tariff of 1816

A

Tax created to prevent cheap British goods from flooding the market and injuring American manufacturing.

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2
Q

Tallmadge amendment

A

This amendment was added to Missouri’s bid for statehood. This did not allow any more slaves to be brought into Missouri and provide emancipation of children of Missouri slaves.

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3
Q

The Rush-Bagot Treaty

A

This treaty provided for the disarmament of the Great Lakes and frontier borders.

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4
Q

The Adams-Onis Treaty

A

This treaty provided for the U.S. purchase of Florida from Spain in 1819.

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5
Q

The Monroe Doctrine

A

Name for an address by James Monroe in 1823, designed to check the power of Europe.

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6
Q

Erie Canal

A

This waterway linked the Great Lakes with the Hudson River

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7
Q

The American System

A

This system included…

  • recharter of the bank of the U.S.
  • the building turnpikes, roads, and canals.
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8
Q

Eli Whitney

A

This man invented the cotton gin in 1793.

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9
Q

Nativists

A

This group was part of the movement against the influx of Irish and German immigrants.

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10
Q

Joseph Smith

A

This man organized the church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or the Mormon church.

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11
Q

Fredrick Douglass

A

This man published THE NORTH STAR, an antislavery journal that chronicled the ugliness of slavery for readers.

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12
Q

Sarah and Angelina Grimke

A

These abolitionists voiced their opposition to male dominance, starting dialogue about women’s roles

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13
Q

Sojourner Truth

A

This woman (along with harriet tubman) helped fugitive slaves flee slave states in the U.S through the Underground Railroad.

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14
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

This woman (along with sojourner truth) helped fugitive slaves flee slave states in the U.S through the Underground Railroad.

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15
Q

Horace Mann

A

This man was the leader of the movement to reform the public school system in the U.S.

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16
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

This woman crusaded for the improvement of the American mental institutions.

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17
Q

Charles G. Finney

A

Presbyterian minister known for his “fire and brimstone” sermons.

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18
Q

Kitchen cabinet

A

Term used to describe Jackson’s unofficial cabinet.

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19
Q

Spoils system

A

Andrew Jackson was a proponent of this system, appointing those who supported his campaign with government positions.

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20
Q

The shakers

A

This group was led by “Mother” Ann Lee known for their “shaking” as they felt the spirit of god.

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21
Q

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

A

The Mormon church founded by Joseph smith in 1830.

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22
Q

Transcendentalists

A

This group embodied the romantic spirit of the U.S. by embracing self-reliance.

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23
Q

LibertyParty

A

This organization formed as a splinter from the American antislavery society.

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24
Q

American Antislavery Society

A

Organization founded in 1833 by William Lloyd Garrison which strove to get rid of slavery.

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25
Q

American Temperance Society

A

Organization that encouraged drinkers to limit their intake of alcohol and eventually become abstinent.

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26
Q

Nathaniel Hawthorne

A

Author of Scarlett Letter book

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27
Q

Henry David Thoreau

A

Transcendentalist writer who spoke throughout the country and wrote essays about the state of man. Most influential essay was “On Civil Disobedience.”

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28
Q

Ralph Waldo Emerson

A

Transcendentalist writer who encouraged the forging of a unique American identity.

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29
Q

Brigham Young

A

New Mormon leader after Joseph smith.

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30
Q

John Marshall

A

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (Thomas Jefferson’s cousin and a federalist)

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31
Q

Lewis and Clark

A

Explorers appointed by president Jefferson to explore the vast new U.S. territory beginning in 1804.

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32
Q

Compact theory

A

Belief based on the idea that the federal gov was formed because of compact between states

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33
Q

Elastic clause

A

Clause in the constitution granting congress “implied powers” to pass laws that were “necessary and proper.”

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34
Q

Strict constructionist

A

Term describing one who believes in the strict interpretation of a document.

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35
Q

Scorched earth

A

This policy required troops to burn and destroy fields, homes, and cities as they marched through Georgia. (Compelling southerners to surrender) led by William Sherman

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36
Q

Writ of habeas corpus

A

Legal action meaning that the federal gov cannot hold an individual in jail without charges against them.

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37
Q

Ironclads

A

Term used to describe Naval ships that were first launched in 1862

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38
Q

Greenbacks

A

Paper currency used in place of gold during wartime

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39
Q

Appomattox Court House

A

This is the location the confederate army officially surrendered on April 9, 1865

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40
Q

New York Draft Riots

A

Uprisings that occurred as a result of the union’s first federal law to draft young men into the military in 1863.

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41
Q

Freedmen

A

Name given to former slaves who fled to the north

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42
Q

Copperheads

A

Name of the northern and western democrats in congress who wished for an end of the civil war.

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43
Q

Ulysses s. grant

A

Union general who surrounded general lee when he surrendered

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44
Q

Robert E. Lee

A

Military genius and general in confederate army who defeated union troops at battle of Fredericksburg. Later surrendered to general Ulysses s. grant

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45
Q

Popular sovereignty

A

Concept that the issue of slavery would be decided by the citizens of the territory.

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46
Q

Harper’s Ferry

A

Location of an attack that occurred at a federal arsenal in Virginia.

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47
Q

Neutrality proclamation of 1793

A

Proclamation that came about because of Alexander Hamilton’s desire to maintain trade relationships with the British.

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48
Q

Jay’s Treaty

A

Treaty that called for the removal of British forts in the west

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49
Q

John C. Calhoun

A

Outspoken South Carolina man who outlined his anger of the south into essays.

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50
Q

Anti-Masons

A

New political party that arose in 1832 to challenge the old 2-party system.

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51
Q

Whigs

A

Political party founded to oppose Andrew Jackson (originally known as the national republicans)

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52
Q

Panic of 1837

A

Financial crisis that came about when federal funds were removed from the bank of the US and put into state banks.

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53
Q

The southern Carolina exposition

A

Document written by John c. Calhoun which outlined the anger of the south about the tariff of 1828.

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54
Q

Trail of tears

A

Trek that occurred in 1838 as a result of the gov forcibly removing the Cherokee from Georgia.

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55
Q

Gibbons v. Ogden

A

Court case of 1824 that ruled that NY could not issue a monopoly to a steamboat company

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56
Q

Specie Circular

A

Issuance by Andrew Jackson that required the payment for the purchase of federal land be made in hard coin.

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57
Q

The Hartford convention

A

Meeting comprised of a radical group of New England federalists which met to discuss ways to demand the federal gov to pay them for loss of trade

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58
Q

Battle of New Orleans

A

Battle led by Andrew Jackson preventing the English attempt to control the Mississippi River.

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59
Q

Battle of tippecanoe

A

General Harrison and his men successfully fought against a pair of Shawnee brothers in a surprise attack and burned the tribal settlement at this location

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60
Q

Essex junto

A

Small group of radical federalists

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61
Q

Andrew Jackson

A

American war hero and general that led southern troops against the British in 1814

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62
Q

Burr conspiracy

A

Plan to take away Mexico from the spainards and join it with Louisiana territory

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63
Q

Tripolitan wars

A

War started when pirates in North Africa seized US ships, resulting in a 4-year war.

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64
Q

Napoleonic war

A

War between British and French punishing each other by issuing decrees that would blockade trade

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65
Q

John adams

A

First Vice President

66
Q

House of Representatives

A

Branch of gov comprised of members that reflect the population of individual states

67
Q

Senate

A

In this branch of gov, each state should have one vote and no more.

68
Q

Pinckney treaty

A

Treaty settled the boundaries and navigation rights along the Mississippi River

69
Q

Tecumseh and the Prophet

A

Shawnee brothers that organized a large native confederacy to prevent the American advance westward

70
Q

Macon’s Bill number 2

A

Bill that sought to lift trade restrictions against Britain or France but only after those nations agreed to honor US neutrality

71
Q

Peculiar institution

A

Term used to describe slavery

72
Q

The star spangled banner

A

Song written by Francis Scott key while he was a prisoner of a British ship in 1814 to show his love for his country

73
Q

Treaty of Ghent

A

Treaty that ended the war of 1812

74
Q

Midnight judges

A

Term refers to the men that president John adams worked through the nights of his last days in office to appoint.

75
Q

American party

A

Aka know-nothing party. Political group that was an extreme wing if the nativist movement

76
Q

Corrupt bargain

A

Term used to describe the incident in the election of 1824 when no candidate had a majority of electoral votes and house of rep had to choose president.

77
Q

Era of good feeling

A

Time period named by a US newspaper that was ascribed to James Monroe’s presidency. Noted for sense of independence and national pride but also had tension regarding tariffs, slavery and political power

78
Q

The panic of 1819

A

Crisis when the second bank of the US over speculated on western land and attempted to curb inflation by pulling back on credit for state banks

79
Q

Alien acts

A

Laws that increased the residency requirement for citizenship from 5 to 14 years and gave the president power to deport aliens in times of war

80
Q

Sedition act

A

Law that made it illegal to criticize the president or congress

81
Q

Wilmot Proviso

A

Amendment aimed to forbid slavery in the new land acquired by the war with Mexico

82
Q

Bear flag republic

A

Name that Carolina called itself after being declared independent following the end of the Mexican war.

83
Q

Fugitive slave law

A

Law designed to reenslave those slaves who had made it to freedom

84
Q

Non-intercourse act of 1809

A

Act passed in the last days of Jefferson’s presidency to replace the embargo act.

85
Q

Embargo act

A

Act passed in 1807 prohibiting US merchant vessels from anchoring at any foreign port

86
Q

Milan decree

A

1807 decree by Napoleon that authorized his navy to seize any foreign ship traveling to Europe

87
Q

Orders in council

A

British response to napoleons Berlin decree

88
Q

Berlin decree

A

Decree by Napoleon in 1806 that was an attempt to cut Britain off from the rest if the world

89
Q

Twelfth Amendment

A

1804- this amendment to the constitution called for electors to the electoral college to specify which ballot was being cast for the office of president and which was being used for vp.

90
Q

Central government

A

This governments power exceeds the power of the states.

91
Q

Separation of powers

A

Central idea behind having 3 independent branches of government.

92
Q

Factions

A

Another term used to describe political parties

93
Q

Worcester v. Georgia

A

1832 court case that the Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall ruled the nullification of Georgia state laws within the Cherokee territory

94
Q

Bull Run

A

Battle in July 1861 where confederate men led by stonewall Jackson sent union troops scrambling to Washington, D.C.

95
Q

Electoral college

A

Representative body that elects the president

96
Q

Federalists

A

Name given to those in favor of the constitution and a strong central government.

97
Q

Anti-federalists

A

Name given to those in opposition to the Constitution and in favor of strong states rights

98
Q

Bank of United States

A

This institution supported by Alexander Hamilton was where the national treasury would keep its deposits

99
Q

Gadsden purchase

A

The Mesilla Valley in the southernmost desert region of New Mexico and Arizona was transferred to the United States from Mexico

100
Q

Confederate states of America

A

South Carolina legislature voted to secede from the union when Abraham Lincoln was elected Pres. And made their own country with pres Jefferson Davis

101
Q

The constitutional union party

A

Political party formed as a concern that the southern states secede if Lincoln was elected in 1860.

102
Q

Border ruffians

A

Name of the group of proslavery farmers from nearby Missouri settling along the border in order to vote.

103
Q

Republican Party

A

New political party including Whigs, Democrats, Free-Soilers and Know-nothings

104
Q

49ers

A

Name for the rough group of young men that loved adventure and moved west following the discovery of gold in 1848

105
Q

Free-soil party

A

Political party made up of anti-slavery advocates from all political parties preaching “free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men”

106
Q

Apologists

A

This group led by George fitzhugh spoke of the happy lives of southern slaves who were clothed, fed and housed by the slaveowners

107
Q

Harriet Beecher Stowe

A

Author of Uncle Toms Cabin in 1852

108
Q

Virginia plan

A

Plan that called for representation in both houses to be based solely on population or proportional representation

109
Q

New Jersey plan

A

Plan That asked for a full representation regardless of the number of citizens of the State.

110
Q

Great compromise

A

This meant that large states were appeased by the House of Representatives, comprised of members that reflected the population of individual states

111
Q

Three-fifths compromise

A

Compromise that southern slaves would be counted as a fraction of a citizen

112
Q

Bill of rights

A

Document added to the Constitution to protect individual freedoms and state sovereignty.

113
Q

The Federalist papers

A

Documents written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay, meant to encourage ratification of the Constitution in New York

114
Q

The Judiciary act of 1789

A

Act that established a Supreme Court consisting of one presiding Chief Justice and five associate justices.

115
Q

Report on public credit

A

Document written by Sec. of the treasury Alexander Hamilton that set out to repair the nation’s failing financial help

116
Q

Report on public manufactures

A

Document written by Sec. of the treasury Alexander Hamilton in 1791 promoting the industrialization of United States and advocated strong protective tariffs to protect industry

117
Q

Revenue act of 1789

A

This act placed 8% tariff on imports

118
Q

The Pacific Railway act of 1862

A

This act approved the building of a transcontinental railroad that would utterly transform the west by linking the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific.

119
Q

The Morrill land-grant of 1862

A

Gave federal lands to states for the purpose of building schools that would teach agriculture and technical trades

120
Q

The Homestead act 1862

A

Act that granted 160 acres to any family that would agree to farm it for at least five years

121
Q

13th amendment

A

This amendment calls for the abolishment of slavery

122
Q

The Emancipation Proclamation

A

This proclamation issued by Pres. Lincoln declared freedom of all slaves in Confederate states on January 1, 1863

123
Q

Anaconda plan

A

The first of the four-part plan to wear down the Confederacy devised by Union Gen. Winfield Scott 1861

124
Q

Gettysburg

A

This was the deadliest and most important battle of the civil war were some 53,000 men were either killed or wounded. The Confederates would not have another victory in the course of the war after this battle.

125
Q

Antietam

A

This battle was a turning point of the civil war, keeping the confederates from gaining foreign assistance. Bloodiest day of the war.

126
Q

Second battle of Bull Run

A

General Lee took advantage of the change in union leadership in the East to engage Union troops again at Manassas.

127
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo

A

Treaty that ended the Mexican war and granted California and most of the Southwest to the United States in February 1848

128
Q

Farewell address

A

This speech was made by George Washington upon leaving the office of the president in 1797

129
Q

Whiskey rebellion

A

This event took place as a result to the tax which was imposed on the whiskey backwoods farmers distilled to supplement their income

130
Q

XYZ Affair

A

This event occurred when John Adams sent a delegation to Paris in 1797 in order to negotiate an agreement where French vessels would stop seizing American vessels.

131
Q

The convention of 1800

A

This meeting took place between American envoys and French Foreign Minister Talleyrand and Napoleon. Negotiated a settlement to prevent full-scale war between the US and France. Resulted in a full on war with France.

132
Q

Tariff of 1828

A

Also known as the tariff abominations. New Englanders pushed for this tax to protect themselves from foreign competitors

133
Q

Tariff of 1832

A

This tariff was lowered from 45% duties to 35%

134
Q

Force Bill

A

This bill gave the president the power to use military force to collect tariffs

135
Q

Indian removal act

A

This act was signed into law in 1830 providing for the immediate resettlement of Native Americans living in Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and Illinois.

136
Q

Cherokee nation v. Virginia

A

This court case came about as a result of the Seminole Indians being forcibly removed from their homelands. The court ruled that the tribe had no rights for jurisdiction

137
Q

Tippecanoe and Tyler, too!

A

This slogan was used in the campaign of William Henry Harrison, a war hero, and John Tyler. This pair won the 1840 election.

138
Q

Democratic-Republicans

A

The new name for anti-Federalists who sought to limit the powers of the central government in favor of greater states rights

139
Q

Oregon Trail

A

Dangerous path used by thousands in the mid-1840s, taking up to six months to reach destination

140
Q

The French Revolution

A

This war took place between 1789 and 1793 challenging America’s sovereignty, since George Washington had to decide her loyalties would lie.

141
Q

Judiciary act of 1801

A

This act was passed before the Congress to be turned over to the majority Republicans, it created 16 new judgeships.

142
Q

Sam Houston

A

This man led Texans in a revolt against Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna making Texas an independent republic from Mexico.

143
Q

Call of domesticity

A

Belief that women’s roles were clearly defined as homemakers and mothers

144
Q

Perfectionism

A

Belief system that promoted the idea that humankind could have a life that resembled the life of Jesus.

145
Q

Underground Railroad

A

An elaborate network that helped fugitive slaves flee the United States or reach free states.

146
Q

Seneca falls

A

Location in New York was the site of the meeting with feminist leadership, declaring that all men and women are created equal.

147
Q

“On civil disobedience”

A

Influential essay written by Henry David Dorado that advocated passive resistance as a form of justifiable protest

148
Q

Walden

A

Book written by Henry David thoreau that Chronicled his self initiated experiment where he excluded himself from society by living in seclusion in the woods for two years.

149
Q

Declaration of sentiments

A

Document drafted by the feminist leaders who met in Seneca Falls, New York declaring that all men and women are created equal.

150
Q

The North star

A

Anti-slavery journal published by Frederick Douglass that chronicled the ugliness of slavery for leaders.

151
Q

Maine Law

A

This law completely prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages in this state

152
Q

Nat Turner’s rebellion

A

An uprising led by a Virginia slave in 1831

153
Q

Knickerbockers

A

This New York group which included Washington Irving.. they started the trend of American fiction.

154
Q

The Oneida Commune

A

This group founded by John Humphrey Noyes in 1848 was meant to be the shining example of equality between all members

155
Q

Bleeding Kansas

A

Name given to the area where fighting broke out among the pro and anti-slavery factions at the border.

156
Q

Freeport doctrine

A

This document written by Stephen Douglas stated that communities would have to pass and enforce laws to protect the institution of slavery for it to exist

157
Q

Dred Scott v. Sanford

A

The Supreme Court ruling that the Missouri compromise of 1820 forbade slavery north of the 36 30 line

158
Q

Lecompton constitution

A

Document drafted by a group of Missourians who traveled across the border to Kansas and organized a proslavery government hoping to create a new state

159
Q

The Kansas Nebraska act

A

This all came about when Sen. Stephen Douglas proposed to divide the Nebraska territory into 2 regions.

160
Q

The compromise of 1850

A

Series of laws that were a method of averting a national crisis as a result of conflicting beliefs between radical southerners and other states.

161
Q

James Madison

A

Delegate from Virginia providing the cornerstones for the development of the Constitution

162
Q

Morgan Smyth

A

That is okay Jonjay

ApUS1 (2 decks)

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