Reconstruction In Arkansas

Question 1

Assumed the office of president after Lincoln’s death, shared Lincoln’s ideas on reconstruction, impeached; acquitted

Answer 1

Andrew Johnson

Question 2

Describe reconstruction.

Answer 2

• It was the US government plan to rebuild the South following the civil war
• aim was to get southern states back into the union as quickly as possible

Question 3

What supervised all educational activities relating to refugees and Friedman, issued ration, clothing, and medicine, also assumed custody confiscated lands or property in the former Confederate States and border states?

Answer 3

Freedmen’ Bureau

Question 4

What was the 13th amendment?

Answer 4

Prohibited slavery

Question 5

What was the 14th amendment?

Answer 5

People born or naturalized cannot be denied rights of citizenship based on their race, nation of origin, or previous condition of servitude.

Question 6

Who was Isaac Murphy?

Answer 6

Arkansas Governor from 1864 to 1868

Question 7

• What was the harsh measures imposed by Congress up on the unsuccessful “soft” approaches of Lincoln and Johnson?
• What is the iron clad oath?

Answer 7

• Radical Reconstruction
• It sworn loyalty to the US both prior to the civil war and following the wars effectively extended all ex-confederate from voting during reconstruction.

Question 8

What are the Jim Crow laws?

Answer 8

• laws designed to keep African-Americans from being involved in politics
• voting process fully in democratic hands
• how to pass a literacy test: made it difficult for those who could not read or write to vote
• required a dollar pass poll tax for vote at a time when most Arkansans did not see $25 cash and a whole year. Poll tax must be paid well in advance of an election
• democratic party proclaimed that it’s primary election was for whites only (only real election in Arkansas, forcing blacks out of Arkansas politics)

Question 9

What were the radicals in Arkansas?

Answer 9

• in 1868 a new constitution was written

* republicans controlled the state government

Question 10

Who was Powell Clayton?

Answer 10

He was the first true Republican governor in Arkansas

Question 11

Who held political power?

Answer 11

• African Americans
• Scalawags
• carpetbaggers

Question 12

What was a scalawag?

Answer 12

Motive Southerners who supported the republican government

Question 13

What is a carpetbagger?

Answer 13

Northerner who moved south after civil war presumably to get rich

Question 14

What was Secret organization of white extremist form by southerners whose purpose was to harass and harm black citizens and to obstruct their participation in government.

Answer 14

Klu Klux Klan

Question 15

What was Lincoln’s 10% plan?

Answer 15

A state can be readmitted if 10% of those who voted in 1860 pledge loyalty to the union

Question 16

How did Parker end frontier violence in, or previous condition of servitude?

Answer 16

Referred to as the hanging judge; many outlaws lived outside the state in Indian Territory and would raid towns in Western Arkansas; Parker swore in a United States Marshal and 200 deputies; Bass Reeves, an ex-slave, was recruited as Parker’s deputy marshal because he talked tribal languages and knew the country well; First African American to be commissioned as a U.S. deputy marshal west of the Mississippi River; Parker served 21 years as a judge. 160 people sentenced to death. 79-88 died on the gallows

Question 17

What was the Brooks- Baxter War?

Answer 17

Elisha Baxter was elected governor of AR in 1872
-Joseph Brooks Felt he was rightful governor
-Claimed voting fraud caused him to lose the election
-Both were Republicans
-Both organized militia units
-Between April 15- May 16, over 200 people were killed
-US Army troops were sent to LR to prevent a major clash
-Significance
Internal bickering weakened the Republican party
Republican Reconstruction was on the decline in Arkansas

Question 18

Name taken by the Democrats who came to power following the Brooks-Baxter War; Noted for ending Reconstruction in Arkansas; Democrats

Answer 18

Redeemers

Question 19

When did public education take back off?

Answer 19

When republicans came in after civil war

Question 20

Who was leased out to work for businesses and industries?

Answer 20

Prison Inmates

Question 21

What were 3 Education problems

Answer 21

No law required children to attend school
Books and other supplies were hard to obtain
Few teachers had gone past the 8th grade

Question 22

What 2 things did the 1874 constitution change?

Answer 22

Made it difficult to raise taxes

Reduction in the Governor’s power

Question 23

What is a sharecropper?

Answer 23

It is a farmer who rents or does not own land
Loaned necessary supplies to work the land
Receives a portion of the profit from the crop after paying fees to the landowner

Question 24

What was name of the timber industry?

Answer 24

Organization of lumbermen organized by Arthur Johnson, a journalist of Timbermen in Chicago, and five other men - Concatenated Order of the Hoo-Hoo (Hoo-Hoo is the oldest industrial fraternal organization in the U.S.

Question 25

What was the Plessy vs. Ferguson

Answer 25

Came up with “Separate but equal”

Defined the principle of “separate but equal” the legal foundation of all the laws and practices of segregation

Question 26

What is segregation?

Answer 26

keeping ethnic, racial, religious, or gender groups separately especially by enforcing the use of separate schools, transportation, housing, and other facilities

Question 27

What were 3 goals of former slaves?

Answer 27

Own farming land
Good Schools
Legal protection

Question 28

Who was Charlotte Stephens?

Answer 28

former slave who had gone to Oberlin College in Ohio was Little - Rock’s first African American teacher. She taught for 70 years. 1869-1939

Question 29

What is a prohibitionists?

Answer 29

People who wanted to end the sale of Alcohol

Mainly women