Reconstruction In Arkansas Flashcards
Assumed the office of president after Lincoln’s death, shared Lincoln’s ideas on reconstruction, impeached; acquitted
Andrew Johnson
Describe reconstruction.
- It was the US government plan to rebuild the South following the civil war
- aim was to get southern states back into the union as quickly as possible
What supervised all educational activities relating to refugees and Friedman, issued ration, clothing, and medicine, also assumed custody confiscated lands or property in the former Confederate States and border states?
Freedmen’ Bureau
What was the 13th amendment?
Prohibited slavery
What was the 14th amendment?
People born or naturalized cannot be denied rights of citizenship based on their race, nation of origin, or previous condition of servitude.
Who was Isaac Murphy?
Arkansas Governor from 1864 to 1868
- What was the harsh measures imposed by Congress up on the unsuccessful “soft” approaches of Lincoln and Johnson?
- What is the iron clad oath?
- Radical Reconstruction
- It sworn loyalty to the US both prior to the civil war and following the wars effectively extended all ex-confederate from voting during reconstruction.
What are the Jim Crow laws?
- laws designed to keep African-Americans from being involved in politics
- voting process fully in democratic hands
- how to pass a literacy test: made it difficult for those who could not read or write to vote
- required a dollar pass poll tax for vote at a time when most Arkansans did not see $25 cash and a whole year. Poll tax must be paid well in advance of an election
- democratic party proclaimed that it’s primary election was for whites only (only real election in Arkansas, forcing blacks out of Arkansas politics)
What were the radicals in Arkansas?
- in 1868 a new constitution was written
* republicans controlled the state government
Who was Powell Clayton?
He was the first true Republican governor in Arkansas
Who held political power?
- African Americans
- Scalawags
- carpetbaggers
What was a scalawag?
Motive Southerners who supported the republican government
What is a carpetbagger?
Northerner who moved south after civil war presumably to get rich
What was Secret organization of white extremist form by southerners whose purpose was to harass and harm black citizens and to obstruct their participation in government.
Klu Klux Klan
What was Lincoln’s 10% plan?
A state can be readmitted if 10% of those who voted in 1860 pledge loyalty to the union
How did Parker end frontier violence in, or previous condition of servitude?
Referred to as the hanging judge; many outlaws lived outside the state in Indian Territory and would raid towns in Western Arkansas; Parker swore in a United States Marshal and 200 deputies; Bass Reeves, an ex-slave, was recruited as Parker’s deputy marshal because he talked tribal languages and knew the country well; First African American to be commissioned as a U.S. deputy marshal west of the Mississippi River; Parker served 21 years as a judge. 160 people sentenced to death. 79-88 died on the gallows
What was the Brooks- Baxter War?
Elisha Baxter was elected governor of AR in 1872
-Joseph Brooks Felt he was rightful governor
-Claimed voting fraud caused him to lose the election
-Both were Republicans
-Both organized militia units
-Between April 15- May 16, over 200 people were killed
-US Army troops were sent to LR to prevent a major clash
-Significance
Internal bickering weakened the Republican party
Republican Reconstruction was on the decline in Arkansas
Name taken by the Democrats who came to power following the Brooks-Baxter War; Noted for ending Reconstruction in Arkansas; Democrats
Redeemers
When did public education take back off?
When republicans came in after civil war
Who was leased out to work for businesses and industries?
Prison Inmates
What were 3 Education problems
No law required children to attend school
Books and other supplies were hard to obtain
Few teachers had gone past the 8th grade
What 2 things did the 1874 constitution change?
Made it difficult to raise taxes
Reduction in the Governor’s power
What is a sharecropper?
It is a farmer who rents or does not own land
Loaned necessary supplies to work the land
Receives a portion of the profit from the crop after paying fees to the landowner
What was name of the timber industry?
Organization of lumbermen organized by Arthur Johnson, a journalist of Timbermen in Chicago, and five other men - Concatenated Order of the Hoo-Hoo (Hoo-Hoo is the oldest industrial fraternal organization in the U.S.
