Reconstruction (1865-90) Flashcards
How many Americans died during the Civil War?
700 000
How many pardons did Johnson issue to confederates?
13 000
How many slaves were freed by the 13th Amendment?
4 million slaves
What did the 14th Amendment mean and when was it passed?
1868 - Gave citizenship
What did the 15th Amendment mean and when was it passed?
1869/70 - Meant that the vote could not be denied on account of race
When was the Freedman’s Bureau established?
1865
What was the Military Reconstruction Act and when was it passed?
1867 - Introduced military control in the south
When was the Amnesty Act and what did it allow for?
1872 - Allowed ex-confederates back into power
What did the Supreme Court rule was unconstitutional in 1883?
The Civil Rights Act of 1875
What did Hayes issue in 1877 and what did it do?
The Southern Compromise - Ended reconstruction and power was completely restored to southern states
What did the percentage of eligible black people who could vote in South Carolina drop to from the 1880 Presidential election to the 1896 one?
70% to 11%
What happened in Louisiana in 1868 and how many people were killed?
Elections were fought with a background of sustained violence by white terrorists - 1000 killed
What happened in 1873 and how many people were killed?
The Colfax Massacre - 150 freedmen killed after a Republican won election for Governor
What happened in the US vs Cruikshank case in 1876?
The US SC overturned the convictions of two men who were proscuted by the F.Govt. for the Colfax Massacre. Ruled that the 14th Amendment applied only to states
What did WEB Du Bois help to establish?
The National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP)
What did Booker T Washington (former slave) believe?
Progress would be slow - had to be educated, prove themselves
Who was Madam C.J. Walker and what did she start to develop?
Member of a sharecropper family - started to develop a hair cream for black people (became first female black millionare)
How many black senators and HOR’s were elected to Congress?
2 senators and 20 HOR’s
What are 3 examples of the universities that were set up for African Americans?
Howard University (1867), Hampton University (1868), Tuskegee University (1881)
What court case was in 1896 and what did it rule?
Plessy v Ferguson - ruled ‘seperate but equal’ facilities were legal
By 1910, what percentage of black farmers owned land and what happened as a result of this?
25% and their standard of living had improved
