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African American Civil Rights > Reconstruction, 1865-77 > Flashcards

Reconstruction, 1865-77 Flashcards

1
Q

South Carolina Freedman’s Convention

A
  • 1865
  • asked that African Americans be recognised as men
  • requested right to trial by jury made up of other blacks
  • schools should be set up to education coloured people and white people
  • there should be no hurdles in buying a house
  • asking to be treated with equality, justice and respect
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2
Q

Freedman’s Bureau

A
  • set up in 1865

- tried to protect freedmen by supervising labour contracts and taking employers to court if rules were broken

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3
Q

13th Amendment

A
  • 1865

- abolished slavery and involuntary servitude

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4
Q

Civil Rights Act 1866

A
  • abolished black codes
  • gave freedmen full legal equality apart from the right to vote
  • all those born in the US have full rights of a citizen
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5
Q

Black Codes

A
  • set up in 1865/66
  • varied from state to state
  • stopped blacks testifying against whites, serving on juries and voting
  • this was an attempt by the South to resist the 13th Amendment
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6
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A
  • 1st January 1863

- freed all slaves

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7
Q

American Civil War

A

1861-65

  • Union vs. Confederates
  • 11 confederate states wanted to split from the union and create new country
  • President Lincoln was on the side of the Union
  • Lincoln was not dead set on ending slavery, and only set out the emancipation proclamation so that African Americans would be on his side
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8
Q

11 confederate states

A
  • Texas
  • Florida
  • South Carolina
  • North Carolina
  • Alabama
  • Tennessee
  • Mississippi
  • Georgia
  • Louisiana
  • Virginia
  • Arkansas
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9
Q

Reconstruction Act 1867

A
  • confederate states divided into 5 military districts with new state constitutions by delegates, elected by all male citizens over 21
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10
Q

14th Amendment

A
  • 1868
  • declared that no state could deny any person full rights as an American citizen
  • all entitles to due process of law
  • ensure equal protection of laws
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11
Q

15th Amendment

A
  • 1870

- ensured that rights of citizens could not be denied or abridged by any state on account of race

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12
Q

1st Enforcement Act

A
  • May 1870

- banned any and all discrimination based or race colour or previous condition of servitude

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13
Q

2nd Enforcement Act

A
  • Feb 1871
  • overturned state laws preventing African Americans from voting, as well as providing federal supervisions for elections
  • banned use of violence to prevent freedmen from voting
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14
Q

3rd Enforcement Act

A
  • April 1871
  • also known as Ku Klux Klan Act
  • made it a federal offence for 2 or more persons to conspire to deprive citizens of their rights to equal protection under law
  • made the KKK illegal
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15
Q

Civil Rights Act 1875

A
  • entitled all citizens to full and equal enjoyment of accommodations, advantages, facilities and privileges of inns, theatres, public conveyances and other places of public amusement
  • however, it was later ruled unconstitutional by Supreme Court in 1883 following the Civil Rights Cases
  • last congressional legislation concerning civil rights until 1957
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16
Q

Southern Homestead Act

A
  • 1866
  • land made available for freedmen
  • however this was of poor quality and the offer wasn’t taken up
  • planter class, being the former slave owners, kept the land and African Americans became sharecroppers
17
Q

Sharecropping

A

the owner of the land, the former slave owner, will allow a new tenant, freedmen, to use a part of his land in return for a share of the profits or crops produced

18
Q

Ku Klux Klan

A
  • founded in 1865 in response to the freedom of African Americans
  • white supremacist group
  • used burning, murder, violence and intimidation to drive blacks from any land they managed to acquired, keeping them as a cheap, subordinate workforce
  • eradicated in 1872 by third enforcement act
19
Q

Lincoln’s death and Johnson

A

President Lincoln was assassinated in 1865 and replaced by Andrew Johnson

  • Johnson was a democrat and not a friend of African American civil rights, so slowed down progress
  • There was a failed attempt to impeach him by radical republicans in 1868
20
Q

Colfax Massacre

A
  • Louisiana 1873
  • worst instance of racial violence during this period
  • between 60 and 150 freedmen and black state militia were killed by white democrats
21
Q

White League

A
  • founded 1874
  • white paramilitary group organised in Louisiana
  • used violence and intimidation to suppress Republican voting
  • helped Democrats take control of Louisiana legislature in 1876
22
Q

Red Shirts

A
  • founded 1875
  • ex-Confederate soldiers from Mississippi and North and South Carolina
  • worked openly to control the Democrats to power by repressing civil rights and voting
  • used whippings, intimidation and murder to suppress African American civil rights progress
23
Q

United States v. Cruikshank

A
  • 1876
  • Supreme Court ruled that federal government didn’t have the authority under the Enforcement Acts to prosecute white paramilitary groups
24
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A
  • introduced from 1877 onwards to segregate all aspects of society
25
Q

Hayes Compromise

A
  • 1877
  • between Tilden and Hayes
  • popular vote of the 1876 election went to Tilden, the Democrat candidate
  • electoral vote went to Hayes, republican candidate
  • 3 contested states: South Carolina, Louisiana and Florida
  • compromise was made that Hayes would be made president, a republican victory, provided that he withdrew all remaining troops from the south, leaving those states alone
  • after a decline in northern states interest in the goings on of the south over the past few years, and this was the final nail

African American Civil Rights (7 decks)

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