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History America > Reconstruction > Flashcards

Reconstruction Flashcards

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1
Q

Lincoln -> overview

A
  • republican
  • union of N&S states
  • enforce 13th amendment
  • enforce federal law
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2
Q

Lincoln -> policies

A
  • 10% plan
  • Wade-Davis bill
  • 13th A
  • Freedman’s Bureau
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3
Q

10% Plan

A

rebel states admitted to the union if 10% of electoral agreed to an oath of future allegiance to the USA, supported all existing acts of congress regarding slavery and allowed AA to vote

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4
Q

Wade - Davis Bill

A
  • much tougher version of the 10% plan -> required 50% of electorate to take an oath of allegiance of past & future loyalty to the government and said that anyone who had been in the confederate army couldn’t have a government role
  • was vetoed by Lincoln
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5
Q

Thirteenth amendment

A

formally freed all slaves in the USA -> 3.4mil slaves freed by this

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6
Q

The freedman’s bureau

A

US agency set up for just one year to help former slaves providing advice on education and employment -> only successful thing under Linconln

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7
Q

Lincoln -> Successful?

A
  • early death
  • only 1 successful policy (freedman’s bureau)
  • 13th A freed millions of slaves
  • failed at unionising
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8
Q

Johnson -> overview

A
  • democrat
    made president when Lincoln was killed (never really meant to be president)
  • state laws -> black codes
  • union (didn’t want to enforce more change upon the south)
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9
Q

Johnson -> policies

A
  • Civil rights bill (1866)
  • 14th A
  • radical reconstruction
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10
Q

Civil rights bill 1866

A

gave minimum rights to black people -> J vetoed but congress overturned -> black codes combat this bill

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11
Q

14th Amendment 1868

A

-gave citizenship to anyone born in the US -> rejected by all ex-confederate state except Tennessee -> failed to get the 75% approval it needed to become a law

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12
Q

radical reconstruction

A
  • military reconstruction - impose military rule on S
    -command of army - reduce J’s military power
  • tenure of office - prevent J from removing a host of office holders
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13
Q

Johnson -> successful?

A
  • failed at unionising
  • most of his congress was a different party to him so they couldn’t agree
  • nearly impeached - 1 vote away
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14
Q

Grant -> overview

A
  • republican
  • commanding general under Johnson
    1868 election -> won based on 7mil AA votes
    -Union
  • AA rights in South
  • Enforcement of federal law
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15
Q

Grant -> policies

A
  • carpet-baggers
  • scalawags
  • 15th A
  • Amnesty act 1872
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16
Q

Carpet baggers

A

majority of N officials nicknamed after their type of suitcases -> seen as an occupying force by southerners

17
Q

Scalawags

A

Renegade southern whites who helped the ‘carpet-baggers’ with occupation

18
Q

15th Amendment 1869

A

citizens of any race could vote wherever they lived

19
Q

Amnesty Act 1872

A

removed most of the penalties imposed on former confederates by 14th A

20
Q

Grant -> successful?

A
  • lots of corruption under him
  • unionised much of the country
    focused on AA rights
  • congress had most power
21
Q

What aim did all 3 reconstruction presidents avoid??

A

ECONOMY

22
Q

How many Americans died in the civil war?

A

700,000

23
Q

How many confederates did Johnson Pardon?

A

13,000

24
Q

How many slaves were freed by the 13th Amendment

A

3.4 million

25
Q

what year was Freedman’s Bureau established?

A

1865

26
Q

what year was the military reconstruction act and what did it do?

A

1867 - introduced military control to the south

27
Q

What year was the Amnesty act and what did it do?

A

1872 - allowed ex-confederates to get into power

28
Q

Which president ended reconstruction and how?

A

Hayes - Southern compromise - restored power in southern states

29
Q

In South Carolina 1881, 70% of eligible black people voted, how did this change by 1896?

A

it fell to 11%

30
Q

how many people were killed at the 1868 elections by white supremacists?

A

1000

31
Q

Colfax Massacre - when and how many dead?

A

1873 - 150 Freemen killed

32
Q

Why where the convictions of who men who’d been prosecuted for the Colfax massacre overturned in 1876?

A

it ruled that the 14th A only applied to states, not individuals

33
Q

what is the NAACP and who helped to establish it?

A

WEB Du Bois helped set up the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People

34
Q

who was Booker T Washington and what did he believe?

A

A former slave who believed progress would be slow and that freed slaves had to be educated and prove themselves

35
Q

Who was Madam CJ Walker?

A

a member of a sharecropper family who developed a hair cream for black people, becoming the first black, female, millionaire

36
Q

How many black senators an house of representatives were elected into congress in this period?

A

2 senators, 2 house of representatives

37
Q

Give 3 universities set up for African Americans.

A

Howard University
Hampton University
Tuskegee University

38
Q

by 1910, what percentage of black farmers owned their land?

A

25%

History America (6 decks)

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