Recombinant

Question 1

What is Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology?

Answer 1

Involves inserting a gene of interest into a host organism’s DNA to produce a desired protein.

Used in medicine, agriculture, and research.

Question 2

What is the first step in Recombinant DNA technology?

Answer 2

Isolation of the Gene of Interest

Example: Human insulin gene for diabetes treatment.

Question 3

Which enzyme unzips DNA to expose the insulin gene?

Answer 3

Helicase

Question 4

What is the role of the restriction enzyme EcoRI?

Answer 4

Cuts the DNA at a specific sequence, creating sticky ends.

Question 5

What type of cells are primarily used to isolate the insulin gene?

Answer 5

Human pancreatic cells.

Question 6

What is the recognition sequence for EcoRI?

Answer 6

GAATTC

Question 7

What happens after EcoRI cuts the DNA?

Answer 7

Creates sticky ends that help the gene bind to a plasmid.

Question 8

What is the second step in Recombinant DNA technology?

Answer 8

Insertion of the Gene into a Vector (Plasmid or Virus)

Question 9

What is an example of a vector used for gene therapy?

Answer 9

Plasmid from E. coli or a retrovirus.

Question 10

What enzyme joins the insulin gene to the plasmid?

Answer 10

DNA Ligase

Question 11

What is the third step in Recombinant DNA technology?

Answer 11

Transformation of Host Cells

Question 12

What methods are used for transforming bacterial cells?

Answer 12

Heat shock or electroporation.

Question 13

What is an example of a selection marker in screening?

Answer 13

Antibiotic resistance gene (ampR).

Question 14

What is the fourth step in Recombinant DNA technology?

Answer 14

Screening for Recombinant Bacteria or Cells

Question 15

What does blue/white screening indicate?

Answer 15

White colonies contain recombinant DNA, blue colonies contain an empty plasmid.

Question 16

What is the fifth step in Recombinant DNA technology?

Answer 16

Gene Expression and Protein Production

Question 17

What enzyme transcribes DNA into mRNA?

Answer 17

RNA Polymerase

Question 18

What is an application of Recombinant DNA in medicine?

Answer 18

Production of human insulin (Humulin) for diabetes.

Question 19

What is one ethical concern regarding GMOs?

Answer 19

Could GMOs harm human health or ecosystems?

Question 20

What is an example of a genetically modified crop that enhances survival traits?

Answer 20

Bt corn resistant to pests.

Question 21

What gene is inserted into Bt crops to produce an insecticidal protein?

Answer 21

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) gene.

Question 22

What is the purpose of herbicide-resistant crops like Roundup Ready Soybeans?

Answer 22

Allows farmers to use glyphosate without killing crops.

Question 23

What is one real-world impact of Bt cotton in India?

Answer 23

24% increase in yield and 50% reduction in pesticide use.

Question 24

What gene is inserted into strawberries to make them frost-resistant?

Answer 24

Antifreeze protein gene from Arctic fish (Winter Flounder).

Question 25

What is Golden Rice modified to combat?

Answer 25

Vitamin A deficiency.

Question 26

What organism is modified to produce synthetic human insulin?

Answer 26

Escherichia coli bacteria.

Question 27

What was the first FDA-approved rDNA insulin?

Answer 27

Humulin (1982).

Question 28

Fill in the blank: Recombinant DNA technology involves modifying an organism’s genetic material to enhance _______ traits.

Answer 28

survival

Question 29

True or False: Recombinant DNA technology can only be applied in medicine.

Answer 29

False