Recognition and Identification of Normal Oral Anatomy

Question 1

Normal Lip Anatomy

•Upper lip
•Lower lip
•Vermillion border
–sharp demarcation between the red colored part of the lip and the adjacent normal skin of the face
•Philtrum
–The philtrum is the midline groove in the upper lip that runs from the top of the lip to the nose.
•Labial commissure
–The commissure is the corner of the mouth, where the vermillion border of the superior labium (upper lip) meets that of the inferior labium (lower lip).
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Answer 1

Normal Lip Anatomy

•Upper lip
•Lower lip
•Vermillion border
–sharp demarcation between the red colored part of the lip and the adjacent normal skin of the face
•Philtrum
–The philtrum is the midline groove in the upper lip that runs from the top of the lip to the nose.
•Labial commissure
–The commissure is the corner of the mouth, where the vermillion border of the superior labium (upper lip) meets that of the inferior labium (lower lip).
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Question 2

•Mandibular labial mucosa

Question 3

•Maxillary labial mucosa

Question 5

•Fordyce’s Granules
–small raised, yellow-white, skin-colored, or pale red bumps or spots that appear on the lips.

Question 6

•Buccal mucosa
–Lining of the lips and cheek

Question 7

• Parotid papilla
–a small elevation of tissue that marks the opening of the parotid duct on the inner surface of the cheek, near the second molar

Question 8

‘Milking’ the parotid gland’

Question 9

•Pterygomandibular Raphe
–The pterygomandibular raphe is the tendinous intersection, or seam, between the superior pharyngeal constrictor and the middle portion of the buccinator

Answer 9

•Pterygomandibular Raphe
–The pterygomandibular raphe is the tendinous intersection, or seam, between the superior pharyngeal constrictor and the middle portion of the buccinator

Question 10

Linea Alba, if present

Question 11

•The Hard Palate
–the roof of the mouth, consisting of an anterior bony portion (hard palate)
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•The Soft Palate
–the posterior muscular portion (soft palate) that separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavity.
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•Palatal vibrating line
–Say ‘ahhhhh’ and watch for the palatal vibrating line that demarcates the hard from the soft palate
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Answer 11

•The Hard Palate
–the roof of the mouth, consisting of an anterior bony portion (hard palate)
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•The Soft Palate
–the posterior muscular portion (soft palate) that separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavity.
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•Palatal vibrating line
–Say ‘ahhhhh’ and watch for the palatal vibrating line that demarcates the hard from the soft palate
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Question 12

Palatine Raphe

Question 13

Palatine Rugae

Question 14

•Mandibular Tori
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•A tori is a kind of bone growth or bump on the floor of the mouth, or the roof of the mouth (palate). It means you have a completely benign (harmless) bone growth, which is very common. Growth is very slow, and they are considered a normal anatomical feature.
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Answer 14

•Mandibular Tori
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•A tori is a kind of bone growth or bump on the floor of the mouth, or the roof of the mouth (palate). It means you have a completely benign (harmless) bone growth, which is very common. Growth is very slow, and they are considered a normal anatomical feature.
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•Maxillary Tori
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Question 15

•Oropharynx
–The oropharynx lies behind the oral cavity, extending from the uvula to the level of the hyoid bone

Question 16

Uvula

Question 17

•Tonsils
–small mass of lymphatic tissue located in the wall of the pharynx at the rear of the throat
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Question 18

• Alveolar mucosa
• Attached gingiva
• Muco-gingival junction
• Marginal gingiva
• Maxillary vestibule
• Interdental gingiva / interdental papillae

Answer 18

• Alveolar mucosa
• Attached gingiva
• Muco-gingival junction
• Marginal gingiva
• Maxillary vestibule
• Interdental gingiva / interdental papillae

Question 19

•Retromolar pad
–A cushioned mass of tissue, frequently pear-shaped, located on the alveolar process of the mandible behind the area of the last natural molar tooth.

Answer 19

•Retromolar pad
–A cushioned mass of tissue, frequently pear-shaped, located on the alveolar process of the mandible behind the area of the last natural molar tooth.

Question 20

•Tongue
–Fungiform papillae
–Filiform papillae
–Circumvallate papillae
–Foliate papillae
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Answer 20

•Tongue
–Fungiform papillae
–Filiform papillae
–Circumvallate papillae
–Foliate papillae
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Question 21

•Lingual tonsil
–rounded masses of lymphatic tissue that cover the posterior region of the tongue
–They are located on the dorsal surface at the base of the tongue
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Question 22

•Lingual frenum
–The lingual frenulum is a small fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the underside of the tongue.

Question 23

•Lingual veins
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•Lingual varicosities
–Dilated and tortuous veins of the tongue.
–Red to purple clusters found on the lingual and lateral surfaces of the tongue
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Question 24

•Floor of the mouth
–Watch the saliva flow
–Observe the salivary ducts
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Question 25

•Palpate the floor of the mouth
–What do you feel?

Answer 25

•Palpate the floor of the mouth
–What do you feel?