Recognising Research

Question 1

What are the 5 key characteristics of Research?

Answer 1

• Systematic
• Logical
• Empirical
• Reductive
• Reprodicible

Question 2

What is the research process?

Answer 2

• Review Available Literature
• Formulate a Question
• Select an appropriate research design
• Collect relevant data
• Interpret Findings
• Publish Findings

Question 3

What is a mneumonic for the research process?

Answer 3

Rowdy
Freshers
Sell
Cannabis
In
Public

Question 4

What are the three kinds of research?

Answer 4

• Analytical
• Descriptive
• Experimental

Question 5

What are the different kinds of Analytical Research?

Answer 5

• Reviews (e.g meta-analyses)
• Philosophical Research (organising info into theories)
• Historical Research

Question 6

What are the different kinds of Descriptive Research?

Answer 6

Case Studies and Surveys

Question 7

What types of surveys are there?

Answer 7

• Cross-sectional
• Longitudinal
• Correlational

Question 8

What is Experimental Research?

Answer 8

Direct assessment of the relationships between variables to establish causality (where all extraneous variables are held constant)

Question 9

What is the Independent or Predictor Variable?

Answer 9

The variable you manipulate

Question 10

What is the dependent/criterion varaible?

Answer 10

The variable which changes as a result of the change in the IV

Question 11

What is the Extraneous Variable?

Answer 11

Variables that need to control to isolate the effect of the IV on the DV

Question 12

What is the Law of the Single Variable?

Answer 12

There are always other factors that cannot be controlled

Question 13

What is a Confounding Variable?

Answer 13

An extraneous variable which has co-varied with the IV

Question 14

How do you randomly assign equivalent groups?1 ***

Answer 14

• Repeated Measures Design
• Matched Pairs Design
• Matched Groups Design

Question 15

What is a Repeated Measures Design?

Answer 15

One group does two different interventions (treatment then placebo or vice vers)

Question 16

What is a Matched Pairs Design?

Answer 16

every individual in one group has a matched individual who is similar to them in the other group

Question 17

What is a matched group design?

Answer 17

When two groups are matched on a variable that could affect the DV

Question 18

Diagrammatically explain a One shot study

Answer 18

T–>O(1)

Question 19

Diagrammatically explain a One Group Pre Test Post Test

Answer 19

O(1)–>T–>O(2)

Question 20

Diagrammatically explain a Static Group Comparison

Answer 20

T–>O(1)

P–>O(a)

Question 21

Diagrammatically explain a Time Series

Answer 21

O1O2->T->O4O5

Question 22

Diagrammatically explain a Pre-test Post-test Randomised Group Comparison

Answer 22

O1–>T–>O2

O3–>P–>O4

Question 23

Diagrammatically explain a Solomon 4 Group Design

Answer 23

O1–>T–>O2
O3–>P–>O4
T–> O5
P–> O6

Question 24

What are the different types of sampling?

Answer 24

• Random
• Stage
• Cluster
• Stratified
• Systematic
• Opportunity

Question 25

What is stage sampling?

Answer 25

Randomly chosen group

Question 26

What is cluster sampling?

Answer 26

Select a natural group to sample

Question 27

What is random sampling?

Answer 27

All members of the total population have an equal change of selection (names out of hat)

Question 28

What is systematic sampling

Answer 28

E.g. Every fourth person but starting at a random point

Question 29

What is opportunity sampling?

Answer 29

Sampling a convenient group