Recognising Research Flashcards
What are the 5 key characteristics of Research?
- Systematic
- Logical
- Empirical
- Reductive
- Reprodicible
What is the research process?
- Review Available Literature
- Formulate a Question
- Select an appropriate research design
- Collect relevant data
- Interpret Findings
- Publish Findings
What is a mneumonic for the research process?
Rowdy Freshers Sell Cannabis In Public
What are the three kinds of research?
- Analytical
- Descriptive
- Experimental
What are the different kinds of Analytical Research?
- Reviews (e.g meta-analyses)
- Philosophical Research (organising info into theories)
- Historical Research
What are the different kinds of Descriptive Research?
Case Studies and Surveys
What types of surveys are there?
- Cross-sectional
- Longitudinal
- Correlational
What is Experimental Research?
Direct assessment of the relationships between variables to establish causality (where all extraneous variables are held constant)
What is the Independent or Predictor Variable?
The variable you manipulate
What is the dependent/criterion varaible?
The variable which changes as a result of the change in the IV
What is the Extraneous Variable?
Variables that need to control to isolate the effect of the IV on the DV
What is the Law of the Single Variable?
There are always other factors that cannot be controlled
What is a Confounding Variable?
An extraneous variable which has co-varied with the IV
How do you randomly assign equivalent groups?1 ***
- Repeated Measures Design
- Matched Pairs Design
- Matched Groups Design
What is a Repeated Measures Design?
One group does two different interventions (treatment then placebo or vice vers)
What is a Matched Pairs Design?
every individual in one group has a matched individual who is similar to them in the other group
What is a matched group design?
When two groups are matched on a variable that could affect the DV
Diagrammatically explain a One shot study
T–>O(1)
Diagrammatically explain a One Group Pre Test Post Test
O(1)–>T–>O(2)
Diagrammatically explain a Static Group Comparison
T–>O(1)
P–>O(a)
Diagrammatically explain a Time Series
O1O2->T->O4O5
Diagrammatically explain a Pre-test Post-test Randomised Group Comparison
O1–>T–>O2
O3–>P–>O4
Diagrammatically explain a Solomon 4 Group Design
O1–>T–>O2
O3–>P–>O4
T–> O5
P–> O6
What are the different types of sampling?
- Random
- Stage
- Cluster
- Stratified
- Systematic
- Opportunity
What is stage sampling?
Randomly chosen group
What is cluster sampling?
Select a natural group to sample
What is random sampling?
All members of the total population have an equal change of selection (names out of hat)
What is systematic sampling
E.g. Every fourth person but starting at a random point
What is opportunity sampling?
Sampling a convenient group
