Recitation Week 12

Question 1

Define catabolism and which process of feeding is involved along with what pathway

Answer 1

Catabolism is the process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be turned into energy. It is part of the process of eating and is involved in the satiety pathway

Question 2

Once adipocytes release leptin, what is the next part of the process and which neurons are affected?

Answer 2

Adipocytes increase the release of Leptin which activates the alpha-MSH/CART neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus

Question 2

What does catabolism do to adipocytes and what hormone is affected by this (and how)

Answer 2

Catabolism causes adipocytes to be released which increases the amount of Leptin

Question 3

Once the alpha-MSH/CART neurons of the hypothalamus are activated, what downstream targets do they activate?

Answer 3

1) they activate the SNS (which is needed to mobilize the energy we just created from eating
2) they activate the PVN (hypothalamus)
3) they activate the MC4 receptor which inhibits the Lateral Hypothalamus

Question 4

When the PVN is activated by alpha-MSH/CART neurons, what hormones are affected (and how)?

Answer 4

ACTH >
TSH >

Question 5

When the MC4 receptor is activated which inhibits the lateral hypothalamus, what hormones are affected (and how)?

Answer 5

Orexin <
MCH <

Question 6

What does the activating the SNS, PVN and MC4 receptor achieve?

Answer 6

Satiety

Question 7

When you have a full stomach, what hormone is commonly affected (and how)?

Answer 7

Ghrelin < which increases satiety

Question 8

When you eat, what happens to your blood glucose and what hormone is affected (and how)?

Answer 8

Glucose > when eating
Insulin > which increases satiety

Question 9

Please define anabolism and which process of feeding it is involved with?

Answer 9

Anabolism is the process of making complex molecules from simpler ones and is involved in the hunger process

Question 10

When you are going through anabolism, what cells and hormones are affected as a result of this process?

Answer 10

Adipocytes are affected by NOT releasing Leptin

Question 11

If the adipocytes don’t release leptin, then what cells are activated (and in what part of the brain)?

Answer 11

If the adipocytes don’t release leptin, then the NPY/AgRP neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus) activated

Question 12

What downstream affects does activating the NPY/AgRP neurons have?

Answer 12

1) they activate the PNS
2) they inhibit the PVN
3) they inhibit the MC4 receptor which activates the lateral hypothalamus

Question 13

When you inhibit the PVN, what hormones are affected (and how)?

Answer 13

ACTH <
TSH <

Question 14

When you inhibit the MC4 receptor, what hormones are affected (and how)?

Answer 14

When you inhibit the MC4 receptor, which activates the lateral hypothalamus, it affects Orexin >, and MSH >

Question 15

When you increase Orexin and MSH, along with decrease ACTH and TSH, what is the result?

Answer 15

Creates the feeling of hunger

Question 16

When you have an empty stomach, what hormone is affected (and how)?

Answer 16

Ghrelin >

Question 17

When you have low blood glucose levels, what hormone is affected (and how)?

Answer 17

Insulin <

Question 18

What does high Ghrelin and low insulin do?

Answer 18

Creates the feeling of hunger