Recipient control and Legislation

Question 1

What are the purpose of “16 Swedish Environmental objectives” and which of them are relevant for recipient control?

Answer 1

The purpose with the objectives is to leave a good environment for the next generation. Those that are relevant for recipient control is:

• Ingen övergödning
• Levande sjöar och vattendrag
• Grundvatten av god kvalitet
• Hav i balans samt levande kust och skärgård
• Myllrande våtmarker
• Ett rikt odlingslandskap och Ett rikt växt- och djurliv?

Question 2

How can you with an easy and cheap method show if a water body is stratified?

Answer 2

By lowering down a thermometer at different depths and measure the temperature

Question 3

What is the compensation depth and how do you measure it?

Answer 3

Compensation depth is where the photosynthesis and respiratory is equal. The visibility depth is measured with a white plate. The compensation depth is twice the visibility depth

Question 4

How does oxygen-free bottoms occur?

Answer 4

• Organic matter decomposes
• Bacteria need oxygen for the decomposing process. When the oxygen is used from the organic matter, the bacteria starts to use oxygen from NO3-, MnO2, FeOOH, SO42-, CO2
• The more algae on the surface  the more risk of oxygen-free

Question 5

Which parameters affect the speciation of iron in the water column?

Answer 5

• Oxygen level, pe

- pH

Question 6

How does the speciation of iron affect nutrients (P, N) in the water columns and in the sediments?

Answer 6

Depending on its speciation, Fe binds both P and N (om det är en FeOOH), sinks to the bottom of the lake floor and then depending on oxygen level the P and N gets released or stays put.

Question 7

How does the speciation of iron affect metals (Cu, As, Zn etc) in the water columns and in the sediments?

Answer 7

Depending on its speciation, Fe binds Cu (om det är en FeOH), sinks to the bottom of the lake floor and then depending on oxygen level the Cu gets released or stays put.

Question 8

Which parameters would you measure to identify eutrophication of a lake and where would you measure them?

Answer 8

• Visibility depth
• Oxygen level
• pH, it is high in eutrophicated lakes
• Algae blooming
• Depending on depth of the lake. If it is deeper than 15 meters: 0,5 meters below surface, 1 meter above bottom and in the thermocline. If shallow: 0,5 meter below the surface.

Question 9

When during the year would you try to identify eutrophication and why then?

Answer 9

• During the summer
• That is when we have a stratification in the lake
• No mixing of the water during stratification, leading to oxygen free bottoms, nutrients in the bottom, algae in the top using the oxygen…