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MICR2120 Cell Biology & Disease > Receptors in health & disease > Flashcards

Receptors in health & disease Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do single celled organisms need receptors?

A

Interact with their external environment, sense toxins, bind nutrients

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2
Q

Why do multicellular organisms need receptors?

A

Allows communication with extracellular environment

cell-cell contact

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3
Q

What are the 2 cell specific receptors?

A

contact-dependent

synaptic

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4
Q

What are the 2 cell type receptors?

A

paracrine

endocrine

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5
Q

What are the multiple receptor families?

A

G protein-coupled receptors

Enzyme-coupled receptors

Adhesion receptors

Pathogen recognition receptors

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6
Q

What are G protein-coupled receptors?

A

7 transmembrane domains
conformational changes by membrane spanning helices
helices interact with G proteins
increase in secondary messengers

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7
Q

How are G-protein-coupled receptors activated?

A

inactive - bound to GDP

bind ligand - conformational change - exchange of GTP

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8
Q

What is a diseases associated with GPCRs?

A

Parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR)

regulates of calcium and phosphorous concentration
activation of particular alpha subunit > cAMP > constitutive receptor activation

leads to shortlimbed dwarfism

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9
Q

What is Grave’s diseases?

A

causes hyperthroidism via TSHR agonistic antibodies

excess generation of cAMP - weight loss, goitre

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10
Q

What is Hashimoto’s disease?

A

antagonistic antibodies
reduction in cAMP
weight gain, fatigue

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11
Q

What occurs in toxin activation of GPCRs?

A

cholera - activation of cAMP

Pertussis - prevents activation ia ADP-ribosylation, increase in cAMP

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12
Q

What phenotypes do non-germline defect give?

A

cafe-au-lait

fibrous dysplasia osteoblast dysfunction

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13
Q

What are Enzyme-coupled receptor tyrosine kinases?

A

signal via phosphorylation cascades

include many growth factors - VEGF, EGF, M-CSF, Ephrin, insulin receptors

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14
Q

What is the main role of the insulin receptor?

A

increase glucose uptake

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15
Q

What other things happen in diabetes?

A

degradation of receptor

down regulation of pI3K and IRS proteins - downstream signalling components - by high glucose

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16
Q

What are adhesion receptors?

A

allow spatial patterning, migration, differentiation, guidance, morphogenesis

17
Q

Examples of adhesion receptors?

A 
Ig superfamiy
Cadherin
Integrins
Selectins
Proteoglycans
18
Q

What are the crucial molecules in the leukocyte adhesion-cascade?

A 
selectins
integrins
ICAMs
JAMs
PECAM/CD31
19
Q

What do selectins do in leukocyte adhesion-cascade?

A

capture and rolling
bind sugars
signal PIKgamma = slow rolling

20
Q

What do integrins do in leukocyte adhesion cascade?

A

mediae leukocyte arrest vi outside-in/inside-out signalling

21
Q

What is the disease for migration defects in neutrophils?

A

LAD - Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency

causes recurrent infection

22
Q

What are adhesive cell interactions during development?

A

segregation of tissues
dispersion of cells
cell guidance
cavity formation

23
Q

What is metastasis?

A

movement or spreading of cancer cells from one organ/tissue to another via blood/lymph stream

24
Q

What do microbial receptors/PRR detect?

A

PAMPs

TLR recognise carbohydrates in cell wall of bacteria

25
Q

What are defects in microbial recognition?

A

TLR - cannot recognise fungi if PRR removed

humans - get rid of lectins involved in binding to candida = oral thrush - lectin important for binding to sugars

26
Q

How do pathogens exploit host receptors?

A

HIV bind to T cells

receptor allows viral binding and escape into cell

27
Q

How does listeria exploit phagocytic receptors?

A

integrins phagocytose and uptake listeria into cell - proteins form pores within vacuole membrane - escape into cytosol

MICR2120 Cell Biology & Disease (17 decks)

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