Receptor Potential vs. Postsynaptic potential

Question 1

Name the two different types of potentials discussed.

Answer 1

1. ) Receptor (Generator) potential
2. ) Postsynaptic potential

Question 2

Both potentials are graded changes of what?

Answer 2

Membrane excitability

–that decay away from the site of stimulation

Question 3

Each membrane potential must be at some threshold at what point of the axon?

Answer 3

Initial segment that contains the voltage gated channels

–Axon hillock

Question 4

What are the two possible mechanisms of influencing the post synaptic cell?

Answer 4

1. ) Ionotropic
2. ) Metabotropic

Question 5

Define ionotropic.

Answer 5

Receptors are localized with actual ion channel

Question 6

Define metabotropic

Answer 6

Receptors are located at somepoint along the membrane but activiate an ion channel some distance away via a 2nd messenger system

Question 7

Metabotropic mechanisms requre what?

Answer 7

Physiological changes

—Requrires some internal cellular mechanism that can be long acting via changes in enzyme/protien expression

Question 8

What protein is directly related to metabotropic mechanisms?

Answer 8

G-protein-coupled receptors

Question 9

Which receptor type is faster? Ionotropic or Metabotropic

Answer 9

Ionotropic

Question 10

Examples of ionotropic excitatory neurotransmitters are?

Answer 10

1. ) ACh
2. ) Glutamate
3. ) Ephinephrine

Question 11

What are examples of ionotropic inhibiotry neurotransmitters?

Answer 11

1. ) GABA
2. ) Glycine

Question 12

Neuropeptides are all what type of receptor? Ionotropic or Metabotropic?

Answer 12

Metabotropic

Question 13

Define neuropeptides

Answer 13

Complex AA peptides from small to large

Question 14

List examples of Neuropeptides/Neuromodulators

Answer 14

1. ) Enkephalin
2. ) Calcium Binding Protein
3. ) Substance P

Question 15

List non-traditional neurotransmitters

Answer 15

1. ) Nitric oxide
2. ) Eiconasoids (Prostaglandins, cannabinoids)

Question 16

Name the 3 classes of compounds reagarding neurotransmitters

Answer 16

1. ) Fast Neurotransmitters
2. ) Neuropeptides
3. ) Non-traditional Nuerotransmitters

Question 17

What type of cells can Non-Traditional neurotransmitters affect?

Answer 17

Adjecent cells

Question 18

Neurotransmitters are co-localized with what?

Answer 18

Neuropeptides/Neuromodulators in axonal terminals

Question 19

What do Neuromodulators/Neuropeptides do?

Answer 19

Influence receptors/channels rather than result in channeling opening

Question 20

When dealing with colocalization peptides act as what?

Answer 20

Neuromodulators by modifiying the activity of the cell during neurotransmission, as well as prolonging activity

Question 21

Give an example of co-localization

Answer 21

GABA colocalizing with calcium binding protiens

GABA/calbindin in the frontal lobe v. GABA/paravalbumin in the occipital lobe

Take home: As GABA enters synpatic cleft it’s effect on that dendrite is changed due to the neuropeptide (calbindin, paravalbumin)

Question 22

It is the ___________ receptor that deterimines the action (excitatory vs. inhibitory) of the neurotransmitter

Answer 22

Posts synaptic receptor

Question 23

True or False

Fast neurotransmitters are associated with iontropic receptors but can also act on metabotropic receptors

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Catecholamines act only through what type of receptors? (ionotropic or metabotropic)

Answer 24

Metabotropic

Question 25

List examples of Catechlolamines

Answer 25

1. ) Norephinephrine
2. ) Epinephrine
3. ) Dopamine

Question 26

List the 4 Specific Neurotransmitters

Answer 26

1. ) Acetylcholine
2. ) Gamma-ambinobutyric acid (GABA)
3. ) Catechloamines
4. ) Glutamate