RECENT VOLCANIC EVENT

Question 1

Where was it

Answer 1

Montserrat - small island in carribean 1995

Question 2

3 causes of impacts from Montserrat eruption

Answer 2

• island on destructive plate boundary
• convection currents
• ash cloud rose to 10km
• dome collapsed
• strong winds blew ash cloud over island

Question 3

What is happening at the destructive plate boundary the island is on

Answer 3

North American plate (denser) subducted under carribean plate

Question 4

What was the volcano called that erupted

What was the lava like that it produced

Answer 4

Chances Peak Volcano

Produced thick sticky lava build at top of volcano in a dome

Question 5

How does ash affect people(social impact)

Answer 5

Lung problems and death

Question 6

What happened to many farms

Answer 6

Destroyed and left without food

Island no longer self-sufficient

Question 7

What buried houses in debris

Where did many have to move to

Answer 7

Pyroclastic flow

People moved to shelters / other emergency accommodation - poor sanitation, over crowding

Question 8

What transport area got destroyed

Answer 8

Airport

Question 9

What was built to ship people off the island who wanted to leave

Answer 9

Emergency jetty

Question 10

How many people did fires from pyroclastic flow kill

Answer 10

19

Question 11

What 2 villages were completely buried in ash flow deposits

Answer 11

Farm

Trant

Question 12

What conditions were there due to the sun being obstructed by an ash cloud

Answer 12

Blackouts

Question 13

Economic impacts

Answer 13

• shortage of skills on island as people left
• no vegetation left due to pyroclastic flows - loss of income
• collapse of tourist + rice processing industries
• unemployment rise 7% -> 50%

Question 14

What killed much vegetation as it was heavy and blocked sunlight (environmental impact)

Answer 14

Ash

Question 15

What died

What’s the only type left

Answer 15

Wildlife that ate plants

Humming bird left

Question 16

What was formed from sulphur given off from eruptions that damages and kills plants

Answer 16

Acid rain

Question 17

What did acid rain also effect due to high pH levels

Answer 17

Marine environments

Question 18

What predicted the eruption

Answer 18

The Montserrat volcano observatory set up in 1995

Question 19

3 short term responses

Answer 19

• exclusion zones defined in south of island with restricted visits
• NGOs e.g Red Cross, set up temporary schools + provided medical support and food
• warning systems set up to alert inhabitants - signals, speaker systems, via media
• £17 million in uk aid paid for temporary buildings + water purification systems

Question 20

3 long-term responses

Answer 20

• 3 year redevelopment programme for houses, schools, medical services, infrastructure + agriculture funded by Uk
• people granted full residency rights in UK, so could migrate there
• vegetation slowly re-growing
• tourism rebuilding with volcano as an attraction. New airport, hotel + dive shop build

Question 21

Since 1995 what has the uk financial aid exceeded

Answer 21

£420 million