RECENT HISTORY

Question 1

What does the Quaternary period consist of

Answer 1

PLEISTOCENE AND HOLOCENE EPOCHS

Pleistocene = ICE AGE

HOLOCENE = Recent Age

Question 2

WALLACE LINE

Answer 2

Between islands in Indonesia
LINE BETWEEN differing animals

Asian animals in the NW

Australian animals to the SE

Marsupials in Australia

Placentals in Asia and everywhere else

Question 3

ISTHMUS OF PANAMA

Answer 3

EARLY Cretaceous

Similar divide before the Isthmus of Panama formed, connecting continents allowed for animal mixing

Question 4

GREAT AMERICAN INTERCHANGE

Answer 4

Ground sloth, Opposum, Porcupines, and armadillos (MIGRATED NORTH)

Cats, squirrels, wolves, mastodons, deer, horses, rabbits (MIGRATED SOUTH)

Question 5

MARSUPIAL VS PLACENTALS

Answer 5

Marsupials were dominant mammals of the southern hemisphere, placentals dominated everywhere else

Placentals tend to survive better, their young usually born ready to survive

AS N AMERICA MIGRATED TO S AMERICA, there was an extinction of S american natives, south america lost many marsupials

NATIVE S american hooved animals fared worse, all native S american hooved animals present before the interchange are now EXTINCT

Question 6

MOST RECENT ICE AGE

Answer 6

ABOUT 3 million years ago

ENDED 12000 year ago

Took place during the quaternary

REFERS TO A TIME INTERVAL MARKED BY A PROLONGED COOLING

Question 7

2 types of glaciers

Answer 7

ALPINE : Confined to mountainous high elevation areas

CONTINETAL : Not confined to high elevations, rather cover large areas, do not need to cover an entire continent

Question 8

LATEST MESOZOIC

Answer 8

Warm world during the Mesozoic, warm water would circle the equator, never leaving, and this just get warmer and warmer

Question 9

Circumpolar current

Answer 9

Circles Antarctica and prevents warm waters from reaching the pole

Isolation keeps Antarctica frozen over

Question 10

WORLD FURTHER COOLED

Answer 10

Cooled by the closing of the isthmus of panama 3 million years ago

passage allowed water to circle the equator and continually warm, not anymore

Overtime all equatorial pathways for seawater to take were being rapidly closed

Question 11

GREENLAND

Answer 11

AS THE ARCTIC FREEZES, so to do Greenland and the northern portions of N America and Europe

NORTHERN HEMIPSHERE MIRRORS THE SOUTHERN

Question 12

GLACIERS

Answer 12

Balanced by accumulation atop the glacier and melting down at its base usually these tend to be fairly balanced

Consists of ice that forms from the compaction of snow under overlying pressure

GAS BUBBLES trapped in glaciers preserve a perfect record of ancient atmosphere

Question 13

INTERGLACIALS

Answer 13

GLACIERS SHRINK in size and retreat back toward the pole

Question 14

GLACIALS

Answer 14

GROW IN SIZE AND EXPAND

Question 15

RIVERS

Answer 15

V shaped

Question 16

GLACIERS

Answer 16

U shaped

SMOOTH AND POLISH

Question 17

MORAINES

Answer 17

REVEAL FURTHEST EXTENT THAT A GLACIER HAS TRAVELED IN ITS LIFE TIME

Question 18

YOSEMITE

Answer 18

VERY DISTINCT U SHAPE

Question 19

LAST MAJOR GLACIER

Answer 19

Started to melt about 18000 years ago leaving its features behind, this glacier covered CANADA AND NORTH AMERICA

Question 20

LONG ISLAND NYC

Answer 20

Consists of two large moraines,
marks the furthest southern extent of the last large glaciation

Question 21

MINNESOTA

Answer 21

LAND OF THOUSAND LAKES

GLACIAL KETTLES, form when blocks of ice get lodged in the ground and then proceed to melt

Question 22

DEATH VALLEY

Answer 22

Currently filled with layered deposits of mud, relatively young

Sides have STRANDLINES

during falling water levels represents former coastlines

Question 23

LAST ICE AGE

Answer 23

Death valley was a lake, meltwater from glaciers filled the valley

DEATH VALLEY LOWEST OF A SERIES OF LAKES that stretched east from the sierra nevada