Recap Year 1 Flashcards

1
Q

3 steps in the accounting process

A

to account/to count/ to be accountable

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2
Q

2 key missions

A
  • Facilitate value creation by supporting decision-making
  • Facilitate stewardship
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3
Q

Purpose of financial accounting

A

is to provide financial information about a company to investors,
lenders and other creditors in order to facilitate their investment/lending decisions

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4
Q

“information” and “agency” problems

A
  • Separation of ownership and control of the company
    ‒ Shareholders are the owners (principals)
    ‒ But senior managers (CEO, CFO, …) are the ones making the
    business decisions on behalf of shareholders (agents)
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5
Q

Adverse selection

A

managers (insiders) know more about the
quality of their company and its future prospects than outside
shareholders

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6
Q

Moral hazard

A

managers have incentives to use invested
resources for their own benefit instead of for the benefit of the
company

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7
Q

what are the 5 principal financial statements?

A
  • Statement of comprehensive income (or income statement)
  • Statement of changes in shareholders’ equity
  • Statement of financial position (or balance sheet)
  • Statement of cash flows (or cash flow statement)
  • Notes to the financial statements
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8
Q

Income statement equation

A

Profit / Loss (Net Income) = Revenues – Expenses

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9
Q

Goal of income statement

A
  • Provides information on change in stockholders’ equity
    resulting from a firm’s business activities from
    transactions other than financing transactions with
    owners during the reporting period (flows measure)
  • Value increments and decrements are broadly classified
    as revenues and expenses, respectively
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10
Q

2 types of income statement

A
  • Statement of Profit or Loss (from primary performance activities)
  • Statement of Other Comprehensive Income (from other
    performance activities)
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11
Q

Goal of the shareholders equity

A

provides a
reconciliation of the changes in book value of equity
during the reporting period.

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12
Q

The statement of changes in equity can be written as a
stocks and flows equation:

A

Ending Equity = Beginning equity+ total (comprehensive) income
– net payout to shareholders

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13
Q

2 types of changes in Equity

A
  • Owners transactions (dividends etc.).
  • Non-owner Transactions (P&L, OCI)
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14
Q

The goal of the balance sheet

A

” depicts a firm’s investments in
assets and the claims to these investments, liabilities
and equity.

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15
Q

Balance sheet equation

A

Shareholders’ Equity = Assets – Liabilities

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16
Q

The goal of the cash flow statement

A

informs about the generation
and spending of cash resources during the reporting
period

17
Q

change in cash equation

A

Change in cash = Cash from operations + cash from
investments + cash from financing

18
Q

Goal of notes

A

Financial statements as highly aggregated summary
depictions of the entity’s performance and financial
position

19
Q

matching principle

A

‒ Expenses follow revenues
‒ Expenses are recognized when corresponding revenue is
generated, not when cash flows out of the firm

20
Q

2 types of ACCRUALS

A
  • Deferrals
  • Accruals
21
Q

2 types of deferrals

A

=> cash before service
- prepaid expenses (expenses paid in cash and recorded as assets before they are used).
- Unearned revenues (revenues received in cash and recorder as liabilities before they are earned)/

22
Q

2 types accruals

A

=> service before cash.
- Accrued revenues (revenues earned but not received yet).
- Accrued expenses (expenses incurred but not paid yet).

23
Q

Accrual revenue

A

account receivable

24
Q

Accrual expense

A

account payable

25
Q

deferral revenue

A

unearned revenue

26
Q

deferral expense

A

pre-paid account

27
Q

how to record the sale of equipment

A

use:
- cash
-accumulated depreciation
- plant DE
- Gain (loss) on the sale of long term assets

28
Q

how to record depreciation expense

A
  • debit : depreciation expense
  • credit acc. depreciation
  • amount : the difference between accumulated depreciation last year and this year + the amount “gained” from the sale of the asset.
29
Q

entry to record revenue recognized in 2015

A
  • cash
  • revenue
  • unearned revenue
  • acc. receivable
30
Q

journal entry to record the collection of customers indebtness in 2015

A
  • debit cash
  • credit account receivable
  • amount: x = difference in account receivable between 2015 and 2014 + what was sold on account in 2015.
31
Q

record the prepayment for the delivery scheduled in jan

A
  • debit cash
  • credit unearned revenue
32
Q

record purchase of inventory (if on account)

A
  • debit: inventories
  • credit acc. payable
33
Q

record sale of inventory

A
  • debit COGS
  • credit inventory
34
Q

record movements in prepaid expense

A
  • debit: prepaid expense
  • debit: operating expenses
    -credit cash