RECAP questions - Final Flashcards
- what is a hydrogenosome?
- secondary endosymbiosis example
- cyst?
- example of parabacelid?
- example of diplomonad?
- euglenids
- found in eukaryotes who only do fermentation
- euglenids get their chloroplasts that way –> chloroplast is actually a green algae
- some eukaryotes differentiate into a cyst (a bit like a spore)
- parabacelid: pathogen in humans
-diplomonad: agent of beaver fever - euglenids: nonpathogenic and photophic. a type of euglenozoan. will lost chloroplast if incubated in dark for a long time
*maybe add more details for the answers!
- What is a guild?
- what is a niche?
- what is a microenvironment?
- compare richness and abundance
GUILD: set of populations that are doing the same thing from metabolic/catabolic perspectives
NICHE: place where you will find a guild bc characteristics that fit with metabolic/catabolic functions
MICROENVIRONMENT: the immediate environmental surroundings of a microbial cell or group of cells
RICHNESS: how much variety
ABUNDANCE: how much of each
1) example of bacteria that can do Nitrogen fixation?
2) what is rhizobium?
3) what is photic zone?
4) oligotrophic vs eutrophic?
5) what is a xenophyophore?
1) some cyanobacteria! (heterocysts), rhizobium, aztobacter (aerobic respiration), clostridium
2) bacteria that have symbiotic relationship with legumes (soybean) –> plants supply organic acids + lagemoglobin to limit O2
3) water column/depth that receives photons! max depth: 300m. lots of primary productivity
4) OLIGO: nutrient limiting, lots of O2 in water
VS EUTROPHIC: lots of nutrients, low O2 –> can become anoxic –> anaerobic/fermentation –> can produce H2S = bad
5) massive protoplasts/protists that exist deep down on sea bed (5000m deep)
1) what is BOD?
2) give examples of waterborne pathogens
3) difference btw coliforms and fecal coliforms?
4) biofilm definition?
1) biochemical O2 demand –> measurement of how much O2 is consumed by microorgs + indirectly how much organic material there is
2) G. lamblia –> protozoa, forms cyst –> removed at filtration stage
VS cryptosporium: passes through filtration: need ozone to get rid of cysts
3) both can ferment lactose. coliforms grow at 37°C vs fecal coliforms grow at 44.5° -> can use same media to detect, just incubate at dif temps
4) community of orgs growing together + attached to surface + inside ECM
1) describe rumnicoccus’ characteristics ish. what is special about them?
2) in rumen: main fermentation product that powers the cow?
3) bugtail squid: what bacteria makes light?
4) bacteria that causes tooth decay?
5) bacteria on human skin does what type of metabolism?
1) have cellulosome (enzymes + scaffoldin) –> degrade cellulose outside their body bc they’re smaller than the actual cellulose molecule
*main bacteria in cow rumen that does cellulose degradation. also use soluble glucose to produce volatile FA
2) volatile fatty acids: acetate, butyrate, propionate
3) Aliivibrio fischeri
4) streptococcus mutans –> synthesizes extracellular polysaccharides (dextran) that aid its attachment to tooth surface + ferment sucrose and produce lactic acid that demineralizes tooth enamel
5) aerobes or facultative aerobes or aerotolerant
1) what is a pathogen?
2) what are the steps of invasion?
3) name virulence factors
4) name intracellular pathogens
5) name extracellular matrix enzymes that degrade ECM
1) microbial parasites that are able to cause infection = cause damage!
2) exposure, adherence, invasion, colonization of tissues and growth
3) adhesins, capsules, enzymes that destroy host tissue, invasins, T3SS, T4SS, toxins
4) legionella pneumophila, chlamydia, salmonella, mycobacterium…
5) collagenase, lecithinase, hemolysin, phospholipase, hyaluronidase
