Recap for the road Flashcards by Aino Juuruskorpi

What causes Alimentary anemia?

Iron deficiency in fast growing new borns!
- sow’s milk has too little iron

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Farmer sees that his pigs are eating dirt, their haircoat is very rough, and their skin and mucosa are very pale.
There’s also some dyspnea, tachypnea and diarrhea, and when they get spooked, some just die. What is it?

Alimentary anemia

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Treatment of Alimentary anemia

Iron SC/IM/PO

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What causes Hemolytic anemia?

Blood cells of piggies get destroyed by antibodies in sow’s colostrum
- sow and boar don’t make a good couple
- Sow has E blood type

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What’s another name for hemolytic anemia

Neonatal isoerythrolysis

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Farmer got a new litter, that were completely normal. next day they seem a bit jaundiced, and the next day they’re very anemic and some of the biggest ones just died. What is it?

Hemolytic anemia

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How do you treat hemolytic anemia?

Rehouse piglets
Blood injections
Vitamins

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What are some causes of bleeding of umbilical cord?

C/K avitaminosis
Mycotoxins
Sawdust
Prostaglandins
Inbreeding

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How do you treat bleeding of umbilical cord?

Tie and clamp it

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What causes Eperythrozoonosis?

Mycoplasma Hemosuis
in 2-8 month old piggies
Can get it from injections (dirty needle)
Mortality up to 90%

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Farmer notices that his 2-8 month old piggies are anemic, little yellow, and very weak. There’s some dyspnea, fever and even death.
And those in puberty are unable to reproduce really. What is it?

Eperythrozoonosis

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How do you treat eperythrozoonosis?

Antibiotics and Iron

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What causes parakeratosis?

Zinc and Fatty-acid deficit in 7-10 month old piggies
Too much soy and Ca in food

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Farmer notices that his almost yearling piggies have symmetrical erythema, and some scabs on their sides, abdomen and ears. Some have even deep fissures, but they seem to not itch at all.
They also seem unable to conceive. What is it?

Parakeratosis

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How do you treat parakeratosis?

Zinc and fix living conditions

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What causes exudative epidermitis ?

Staphylococcus Hyicus
- in 2-6 week olds, sow is the one carrying

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Farmer noticed that his 2-6 week olds after having some skin injuries, now look very greasy and dirty. It started from head and face, but spread all over - but they seem to not be bothered by it at all. The oldest ones have thickening of skin and their mouth mucosa also has damage. What is it?

Exudative epidermitis

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What’s another name for exudative epidermitis?

Greasy pig disease

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Treatment of exudative epidermitis?

Antibiotics
Creams with lanolin and ABs
Wash them with chlorhexidine

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What causes Pityriasis Rosea?

No idea :)
Sporadic issue in 2 week to 10 month olds
- but not transmissible!

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Another name for Pityriasis Rosea?

Porcine juvenile pustular psoriasiform dermatitis

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Farmer notifies you that his less than 1 year old pigs have less appetite now, and are a bit diarrhoeic. They have erythematous papules, at the center of which seems to be a crusty spot. This is around their ventral abdomen, inner thighs, back and neck - but the pigs aren’t scratching at all. What is it?

Pityriasis Rosea

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How do you treat Pityriasis Rosea?

Just let them heal themselves. Spontaneous recovery

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What causes Thrombocytopenic purpura?

Sow and Piggies are incompatible
In 3 days to 14 days olds
Either whole litter or 1-2 piggies are affected

Destruction of platelets and megakaryocytes in bone marrow by sow’s antibodies from colostrum

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Farmer calls and says that his new litter has 2 suddenly dead piggies, when he looked at them closely, they had purple hemorrhages on their skin, and when he opened one up, blood flew out like water. What is it?

Thrombocytopenic purpura

How do you treat / prevent thrombocytopenic purpura?

No treatment Mate sow with new boar, or cull the sow

What causes Epitheliogenesis imperfecta?

Congenital autosomal recessive issue, more commonly seen in men

Farmer calls that some of his pigs were born with bright red bubbles on their back,thighs, abdomen, and after few hours they become brownish crusty. Some also lack abdominal muscles and got hernias. On opening you find hydronephrosis and hydroureter. What is it?

Epitheliogenesis imperfecta

How do you treat epitheliogenesis imperfecta

You don't . They die

What causes Sarcoptosis?

Sarcoptes scabiei parasite - 20-90% of herds are infected

Farmer calls that his pigs have gone crazy, just keep on scratching themselves until their skin becomes thick and proliferates. Their ears also are very waxy and have brown exudate. What is it?

Sarcoptes infection

How do you treat sarcoptosis?

Ivermectin, Doramectin Amitraz

What causes Biotin & Hoof diseases?

Bad feeding - Vitamin H & B7 deficiency

Farmer noticed that his herd has progressive hairloss, dry skin and dandruff. Some also are limping and their hooves look awful. The boars also have trouble mounting the sows. What could it be?

Biotin & Hoof diseases

How do you treat Biotin & Hoof diseases?

By adding biotin to food, but healing takes months

What causes Porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome?

Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) in feeder pigs, porkers and adults <1% incidence tho!

You come to investigate a farm that has had periods of fever, papules on skin of pigs and reddish-brown skin damage. The lesions are mostly in their perineal region and hind limbs. In addition to skin issues, there's also swelling of joints and ventral parts of legs. Subcutaneous tissues have edema, and there are cases of sudden deaths after 7-10 days of appearance of lesions. On postmortem, you find bilateral renal enlargement, gastric ulcers, and vibrio-necrotizing glomerulonephritis, along with necrotizing vasculitis. What is it?

Porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome

How do you treat porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome?

Pray Vaccines Symptomatic

What cause swine infectious atrophic rhinitis

Non progressive: Bordetella Bronchiseptica Progressive: Pasteurella multocida (and others) -Ca:P balance is off ZOONOSIS

Farmer noticed that his pigs have some sero-purulent rhinitis, signs of bronchopneumonia, but above all, their noses get wonkier and wonkier through the weeks. What is it?

Swine infectious atrophic rhinitis

How do you treat swine infectious atrophic rhinitis?

ABs & symptomatic or Depopulation & vaccination

What causes porcine enzootic pneumonia?

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in 3-14 week olds, and at weaning especially Flies with wind for up to 2-3km

What's another name for porcine enzootic pneumonia?

Respiratory mycoplasmosis

Farmer notifies you that his weaners and new pigs have dry and unproductive cough & dyspnea. Upon opening them, you find catarrhal pneumonia, pleuritis and pericarditis. Sharply demarcated, thickened areas can be especially found in the apical cranial lunglobes. What is it?

Porcine enzootic pneumonia

How do you treat porcine enzootic pneumonia?

ABs Feeding Vaccination

What causes Actinobacillosis

Actinobacillosis pleuropneumoniae in weaners esps

Pigs in your farm start showing systemic signs like fever, diarrhea, vomiting. Some have cyanosis of extremities, that spreads to entire body fast. The worst ones are dog sitting Some die within 24-36 hours from sepsis. Those who have suffered for longer, have otitis media and abortions. Upon postmortem, you find bilateral pneumonia, fibrinous pleuritis and abscesses within capsules. What is it

Actinobacillosis

What causes pneumonic pasteurellosis

Pasteurella Multocida - 5 serotypes; A&D relevant to us > B not in Europe - acute form Present in all swine farms

Farmer calls you to complain that his pigs once again have bruises, their throats are swollen and sound raspy. Upon postmortem examination, you find croupous pneumonia, abscesses in lungs, fibrinous pleuritis and pericarditis. There's also yellow fluid in thorax. What is it?

Pneumonic pasteurellosis

How do you treat pneumonic pasteurellosis?

ABs Vaccinate

What causes Glässers?

Hemophilus parasuis In 4-8 week olds Short course of disease

Upon visiting a farm, you find monthlings with fever, swollen joints and CNS signs. Those who according to farmer have been sick longer, have respiratory signs. You conduct postmortem on the recently dead ones, and find DIC and microhemorrhages, and lots of fluid all over. What is it?

Glässers: Porcine polyserositis

What 3 issues are main ones in Glässers?

Arthritis, Pneumonia and meningitis

How do you treat Glässers?

Antibiotics Vaccinate

What causes - PRRS, porcine respiratory & reproductive syndrome?

Arteriviridae after 4 months of latent carrying?

Your pig farm has had reproductive issues for the past 1-3 months, there's abortions late in gestation, and some pigs that do come out, are mummified. Some pigs have cyanotic ears, abdomen and vulva, and newborns have brownish skin and head deformations. They're also oddly hairy. Sows also have agalactia. What is it?

PRRS - porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome

How do you treat PRRS? Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome?

All-in-all-out vaccinate

What causes swine influenza?

Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A - H1N1 is the classical form - H1N2 and H3N2 others Low mortality

You conduct routine postmortem on a farm, and find that parts of lungs are demarcated atelectic or consolidated, while rest are pale and emphysematous There's mucopurulent exudate, hepatic congestion and pulmonary edema. What disease is it?

Swine influenza

How do you treat swine influenza?

Vaccinate Stamping out

What causes porcine coronavirus?

Coronaviridae - post weaning

Pigs show mild respiratory signs like coughing, inappetennce, fever Some worse ones have catarrhal pneumonia, and hyperplasia of bronchiolar epithelium. What could it be?

Porcine respiratory coronavirus

How do you treat porcine respiratory coronavirus?

Just let it run its course Or vaccinate Some biosecurity also

What causes Congenital muscle tremor?

According to new theory; A2 caused by porcine pestivirus A5 caused by insectiside exposure in womb

In congenital muscle tremor, are there visible changes in A or B?

A; microscopic changes in brain and spinal cord

Which of congenital muscle tremor types are recurrent in next litters of same parents?

A3 - has tremors of head and body A4

What kind of symptoms does the congenital muscle tremor - A2 new type have?

Sudden death, stillbirths, splaylegs Changes in nerve fibers and excoriation of legs Lung emphysema

What causes Rickets?

Ca & Vit D deficiency

Farmer noticed that his new litter of pigs have eating disorders, and exhibit cannibalism. They also squeal when trying to get up, and at the ends of long bones and ribs seem to have enlargements. What is it?

Rickets

How do you treat Rickets?

Favourable feeding and management

What causes Osteomalacia?

Ca, P or Vit D deficiencies - Diseases of endocrine glands More common in pregnant & nursing pigs Aggravated decalcification of bones

Farmer noticed that his sows and nursing pigs seem to have frequent bone fractures, and their bones seem to bend like they probably shouldn't. They also seem arthritic like old people, and when they stand up, they do so with curved spine. Some of sows also abort more frequently now. What is it?

Osteomalacia

How do you treat Osteomalacia?

Feeding and management CaCl, phosphates Eutanasia

What causes Osteochondrosis?

Lack of Ca & Phos, excess of vit A in first pregnancy, in lactation or 2-3 weeks post weaning Abnormal changes in epiphyseal plates Damaged cartilage is replaced by fibrous tissue

Farmer noticed that his pregnant gilts, lactating sows and recently weaned pigs are getting bone fractures suspiciously often. Also he has had two lactating sows fracture their vertebrae somehow. Older sows' pasterns are dropped, and they walk with swinging action from their hips, with legs tucked beneath their body. What is it?

Osteochondrosis

What causes Porcine stress syndrome?

It's congenital Stress triggers anaerobic glycolysis, loss of muscular metabolism control

Which porcine stress syndrome type is this: Muscle tremors, dyspnea, red patches, death

Stress synfrome

Which porcine stress syndrome type is this: Halothane induced stress. Body temperature raises fast Lots of lactic acid produced Cardiac dysrhythmias Muscle stiffness, Fast death

Malignant hyperthermia

Which porcine stress syndrome type is this: Fast rigor post slaughter, muscle pH down Tissue fluids ejected Pale oozing meat

Pale soft exudative pork

Which porcine stress syndrome type is this: After exercise, pigs get painful fast, edema, get hemorrhages and cavitas. Discoloration of skin of affected area. Dog sitting, gets worse in 2 weeks, death

Dorsal muscle necrosis

How do you treat Porcine stress syndrome?

Dorsal m. necrosis: NSAIDs, corticosteroids otherwise Acepromazine, droperidol, vit E, culling, reduce stress

What causes white muscle disease?

Vit E, A & Se deficiency In weaners and growers Too much polyunsaturated fat Common cause of sudden death

What's another name for white muscle disease

Mulberry heart disease

Farmer calls you yet again, how the best pigs in the pen just went and died. All he did was give them iron injections, since they looked a little anemic. When doing postmortem - you find that their muscles are swollen, and pale - especially around lumbar muscles. Liver is enlarged and mottled. There's lots of fluid around all organs, and hemorrhagic and pale areas in heart. The fluid in abdomen has pieces of fibrin in it. What is it?

White muscle disease

How do you treat white muscle disease?

Vitamin E, Se IM inject sows with E/Se 14 days before farrowing' NSAIDs

What causes myofibrillar hypoplasia?

We don't know There's thinner myelin sheath on nerves of extremities maybe too short gestation? recovery by day 6 if they do recover?

Your sow just gave birth, and the newborns can't stand up at all. Their legs are just splayed, and they're pretty hypoglycemic and hypothermic. Your neighbour had similar occurrence, but he noticed too late and they died from lack of nutrition. What is it?

Myofibrillar hypoplasia - splayleg

How do you treat splayleg - myofibrillar hypoplasia?

8 shaped taping of hocks or hips for couple of days

What causes Alimentary hepatosis?

Lack of vitamin e & se in autumn / winter months Toxins Unsaturated FAs in 1.5-3 month olds

1.5-3 month old piggies started out with enlarged abdomen, pallor- and then some just poof - died. When you open them, you find yellow liver with red patches, lung edema, and heart enlargement and pallor. The next pig didn't even have a proper liver since it had ruptured. What is it?

Alimentary hepatosis?

How do you treat alimentary hepatosis?

With vitamin E & Se Alter food rations

What causes rectal prolapse

Excessive relaxation of perineal, hop and rectal muscles Cough, constipation, low fibre Excessive slope on floor Zearalenone toxicosis 12-20 week olds

How do you treat rectal prolapse?

Surgery, purse string suture

What causes rectal stricture?

Dmg to mucosa Arterial thrombosis Erysipelas Hemophilus parasuis Tissues gradually shrink - scar tissue develops - tube closes

Your pet pig started losing weight quickly after it had had long term constipation. Now however he has very loose watery diarrhea, but won't eat, and when you try to measure his temperature, it doesn't go in. What could it be?

Rectal stricture

What causes Gastric ulcers

Parasitism, stress Clinical signs are rare Starvation (in sows) PCV2 low protein, low fiber, high energy Vit E & Selenium deficiency

How do you treat gastric ulcers?

Via blood transfusion Vitamins Iron

What causes cannibalism in pigs?

Bad feeding & management Stress Low temperature One bully in the herd

One herd has begun a mysterious disease where tails and ear tips get damaged in pigs. There's some paresis and bleeding, and many of the animals started out with droopy tails. What could it be?

Cannibalism

How do you treat cannibalism?

Give straw, ropes, Bite-rites Tail amputation Local or systemic ABs Euthanasia