recall Flashcards
recall
.001, H+, pH 3, T/F?
True
Ethylene
ripening of fruit, release of dormancy, stimulate shoot root growth, stimulate leaf abscission.
cytokinin
control major growth periods of the plant link to ethylene to control abscission flowers leaves fruits
stigma
female part of flower, top of pollen receptacle, becomes style leads to ovary.
pistil
Female collective parts of flower
anther/filament
Pollen producers stamen
structure soil
percentage sand, silt clay
nitrogen
macro - involved in cell function division, protein synthesis, photosynthesis transfer of energy.
epigeal germination
cotyledons pushed above soi line until provide energy until photosynthesis takes over
heritability
P=G+E
30% genetics
70% environment
environment/management
can influence phenotype
e.g. supplementary feeding, shade, temperature control, vaccination, irrigation, windbreak
protein
crude
NPN
‘trumpeter’
Gonadotrophin release controlled by hypothalamus
name the key player in ruminant protein digestion?
explain the difference in the anatomy of a monogastric (to a ruminant).
The rumen is a fermentation tank. Explain the design/operation of this tank.
microbes role
break down protein, continually flushes from the rumen to omasum to abomasum, are then absorbed.
protein digestion
when protein is digested it breaks down into peptides (short chains amino acids) which then becomes NH4+ and NH3-.
two types of protein
crude and NPN
crude protein cp
protein that needs to be broken down to a usable form
NPN
Non protein nitrogen
rumen microbes
Major source of protein in a bovines diet, break down CP and NPN to nh4+ and NH3+
if energy is limited?
poor quality feed, low microbe numbers
Microbes become less efficient at using NH3-, instead of being converted to microbial protein, they are absorbed across rumen wall into blood stream (liver), converted to urea, and excreted a Urine.
Monster truck?
Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas, two main bacteria.
precipitation
air 78% N, rain contains N
ammonification
Nitrogen is present in soil but in a complex form/tied to organic matter and compounds (chemical).
It is decomposed by fungi and bacteria ‘Mineralises’ becomes NH4+
nitrification
NH4+ ions are oxidised (broken down) to nitrate NO2- then to NO3- (nitrate)
Nitrosomonas/ Nitrobacter- bacteria responsible.
denitrification
water logged soils, N2 gas is used up by bacteria in water, uses up oxygen to do this.
