Rebellion and disorder under the Tudors Flashcards
What are the causes of Lovel’s Revolt (1486) ?
Dynastic - Lovel was a councillor for Richard III, and was a former Lord Chamberland
What is the nature of Lovel’s Revolt (1486) ?
Amins - Overthrow Henry, but they had no replacement
Leaders - Lovel and Stafford brothers
Size + Support - little support, only a few hundred, relatively short (1 month)
Organisation - little to none
What is the impact of Lovel’s Revolt (1486) ?
£2,000 bond imposed
Churches could no longer be used as a sanctuary for traitors/ rebels
Jasper Tudor pardoned the rebels
Lovel escaped and later returns
Humphry Stafford executed and Thomas Stafford pardoned
What are the causes of Lambert Simnel’s Rebellion (1486 - 87) ?
Dynastic - Simnel imitated the earl of Warwick + John De La Pole (Earl of Lincoln) also helped instigate the rebellion
Factional - Government
Resentment of Central Interference (Ireland) - Ireland wanted autonomy
What is the nature of Lambert Simnel’s Rebellion (1486 - 87) ?
Aims - overthrow Henry VII
Leaders - John de la Pole + Richard Symonds
Size + Support - 8,000 in total (2,000 merchants + 4,500 Irish curns), lacked English support, Battle of Stoke Field a ‘second Bosworth’ (3hr close battle)
Organisation - very well organised
What is the impact of Lambert Simnel’s Rebellion (1486 - 87) ?
John de la Pole was Killed + Simnel was made a kitchen boy
Many rebels were killed
Henry sent Poyning to crackdown on Ireland
Henry marries Elizabeth of York - uniting both roses (Lancaster + York)
Was very threatening - but not successful
What are the causes of Perkin Warbeck’s Rebellion (1491- 99) ?
Dynastic - Warbeck pretends to be Rickard of York - 1 of the princes in the Tower
European Politics - Lots of Europe wanted to subdue England
What is the nature of Perkin Warbeck’s Rebellion (1491- 99) ?
Aims - secure a Yorkist claim to the throne
Size + Support - 8,000 troops, lots of foreign backing, especially Margret of Burgundy his ‘aunt’
Organisation - not very organised
What is the impact of Perkin Warbeck’s Rebellion (1491- 99) ?
Threatened Arthurs marriage to Catherine of Aragon
Warbeck in the Tower of London (97), and executed (99)
Cost Henry £15,000 - £10 million today
Henry signed a treaty with Charles VIII (92) - he would stop supporting Britany only if France stopped supporting Warbeck
Henry created a large spy network
What are the causes of the Yorkshire Rebellion (1489) ?
Taxation - new tax was an additional burden in a poor area
Social - Yorkshire men thought Britany was not their concern
What is the nature of the Yorkshire Rebellion (1489) ?
Leaders - Robert Chamber + later John Egremont (no high officials)
Size + Support - 5,000 rebels (mostly peasants), no weapons/ resources, supported by the Earl of Northumberland
Organisation - not very organised (no manifesto or demands listed)
What is the impact of the Yorkshire Rebellion (1489) ?
No more efforts to collect Tax in Yorkshire
Some salutary executions - Chamber
Henry recognises North remains Yorkist in sentiment - he spends more time there
Established the Tudor council of the North
Low threat but relatively successful
What are the causes of the Cornish Rebellion (1497) ?
Taxation - rising of a subsidy for a war against Scotland ‘an irrelevant war’
Social - tin mining regulations + suspended the Stannaries’ (local Cornish government)
What is the nature of the Cornish Rebellion (1497) ?
Aims - no tax + increased Cornish Independence
Leaders - Michael an Gof, Thomas Flamank, a gentleman from Bodmin and Lord Audley (a minor noble)
Size + Support - 15,000 rebels , no support outside of Cornwall
Organisation - no professional army, were ill-equipped but very determined
What is the impact of the Cornish Rebellion (1497) ?
Battle of Blackheath - Henry had an army of 20,000
Leaders were executed
Cornish fined £15,000
Some success - no tax, but were fined
What are the causes of the Amicable Grant (1525) ?
Taxation - benevolence tax of £800,000 (1/6 to 1/10 on goods of the laity and clergy), for a war that was not very successful
What is the nature of the Amicable Grant (1525) ?
Geography - the home Counties (Kent, Wiltshire, East Anglia + Warwickshire) who were normally very loyal
Size - 10,000 at Lavenham
Leadership - locals below gentry
What is the impact of the Amicable Grant (1525) ?
Amicable Grant was dropped
Benevolence tax was never collected again
Weakened Wolsey’s position
Change in Foreign policy - Treaty of the More (1525)
What are the causes of the Silken Thomas Rebellion (1534) ?
Factional - Cromwell’s attempt at centralising policies in Ireland
Religion - the same year as the reformation
What is the nature of the Silken Thomas Rebellion (1534) ?
Aims - expel English administration, become the sole ruler of Ireland
Size - 1,000 men, they besieged Dublin but did not capture the capital
What is the impact of the Silken Thomas Rebellion (1534) ?
Cost £25,000 to supress
Delegated rule to a Direct rule - English Deputy
Anglicisation
Land Policies of Plantation and Surrender + Regrant
All these cause further rebellions
What are the causes of the Pilgrimage of Grace (1536) ?
Religion -
1) Dissolution of the monasteries
2) break from Rome
3) Change in doctrine - Ten Articles (1536)
Taxation
Bad Harvest
Thomas Cromwell
What is the nature of the Pilgrimage of Grace (1536) ?
Geography - 3 phases
1) Lincolnshire - 15,000
2) Yorkshire + Lincolnshire - 30,000
3) Cumberland - 5,000
Size + Support - total 50,000, Duke of Northumberland brought cavalry, Northern peasants were militarised
Leadership - Lord Darcy, Lord Hussey (Nobles)
What is the impact of the Pilgrimage of Grace (1536) ?
280 executions (including all noble leaders)
‘Reformation Reverse’ (bishops book reinstated all sacraments in 1537)
1539 -Act of Six Articles
Accelerated the closure of all monasteries
Council of the North
Mary Tudor reinstated into the Line of Succession (1544)
Cromwell executed (1540)
What are the causes of the Western Rising (1549) ?
Religion - wanted to get rid of the English Service + Liturgy
Economic - topography of Devon + Cornwall’s soil = resentment of Somerset’s policy
What is the nature of the Western Rising (1549) ?
Size + Support - 6-7,000 men, a little bit of gentry support (Sir Humphrey Arundell)
Time + Duration - 3 months long, at the same time as a minority, franco-scottish alliance, 25 counties rioting
Geography - distant, didn’t travel far
What is the impact of the Western Rising (1549) ?
Political - the fall of Sommerset, replaced by John Dudley (Duke of Northumberland)
Foreign Policy - Treaties of Northam/ Bouloge
Religion - Northumberland goes full protestant, Book of common prayer (1552), Doctrine - 42 articles
What are the causes of Ketts Rebellion (1549) ?
Enclosure - destroying fences and killing sheep in support of Sommerset’s policy (pro Government)
Religion - used prayer book throughout the rebellion, wanted the sacking of ministers who couldn’t preach in English
What is the nature of Ketts Rebellion (1549) ?
Leadership - Robert Kett (a Norfolk yeoman), he had no military experience
Size + Support - 16,000 men (peasant force)
Geography - distant, don’t travel far
Time + Duration - 3 months long, at the same time as a minority, franco-scottish alliance, 25 counties rioting
What is the impact of Ketts Rebellion (1549) ?
Political - the fall of Sommerset, replaced by John Dudley (Duke of Northumberland)
Foreign Policy - Treaties of Northam/ Bouloge
Religion - Northumberland goes full protestant, Book of common prayer (1552), Doctrine - 42 articles
What are the causes of the Northumberland Plot (1553) ?
Religion - protect all changes that were made during the Protestant reformation (20 years of work undone)
Political - Factional + Dynastic (Guilford Dudley marries Lady Jane Grey while Edward was ill)
What is the nature of the Northumberland Plot (1553) ?
Duration - lasted 9 days
Geography - within London (a coup d’etat)
Leadership - Northumberland’s leadership was naïve (he didn’t utilise his position)
What is the impact of the Northumberland Plot (1553) ?
Execution of Northumberland
Ascension of Mary (a bloodless revolution)
What are the causes of Wyatt’s Rebellion (1554) ?
Religion - repeal all religious legislation Henry + Edward introduced
Political - wanted to force and English marriage to Courtenay instead of Phillip of Spain
What is the nature of Wyatt’s Rebellion (1554) ?
Aims - force a change in policy
Size + Support - Devon and Welsh borders aborted, 3,000 men, gained the support of London militia
Duration + Timing - 2 weeks in January
Geography - close proximity to London
Government response - Mary stayed in London and gave a big speech
What is the impact of Wyatt’s Rebellion (1554) ?
Reprisal - burning of 280 protestants (not rebels) + the execution of Wyatt and Lady Jane Grey
Religion - Catholicism accelerated, Pope restored + monasteries restored
Marriage - married Phillip of Spain
What are the causes of the Northern Earls Rising (1569) ?
Religious - Latin mass in Durham Cathedral, destroyed prayerbooks + adopted religious slogans, Markenfield + Morton wanted counter-reformation, Norton was a pilgrim in POG
Political - North lost Warden of Middle March, loss of copper mine money, in the rebels proclamation
What is the nature of the Northern Earls Rising (1569) ?
Size + Support - 5,000 men, had noble support (brought resources + cavalry)
Leadership - Very poor
Geography - Durham, but they did capture Hartlepool (they could receive foreign aid)
Duration - 5 weeks
What is the impact of the Northern Earls Rising (1569) ?
Ordered 700 executions
Council of the North - Earl of Huntington became president (a puritan), it confiscated catholic land
Religious policy
Treason Act
Foreign Policy - Papal Bull (Elizabeth is excommunicated + deposed
What are the causes of Shane O’Neill’s Rebellion (1558 - 69)?
Plantation
Anglicisation
Surrender + regrant
Delegated to direct rule
Religion - O’Neill claimed to be defender of the faith (Catholicism)
What is the nature of Shane O’Neill’s Rebellion (1558 - 69)?
Duration - very long
Size and Support - 6,000 men - requested 6,000 French troops
Leadership - O’Neill eventually murdered by rival Irish
Geography/ topography - Ireland was very divided, in Ulster, distant/ foreign invasion
What is the impact of Shane O’Neill’s Rebellion (1558 - 69)?
Cost Elizabeth £250,000 to suppress
Elizabeth attains O’Neill’s land in Ulster, seizing extensive possessions, but suturing up future trouble with the Earl of Tyrone (a future rebellion)
What are the causes of the Munster and Geraldine Rebellions (1569 - 83) ?
Resentment of central interference - resentment of English incomers seizing land
Religion - Fitzgerald an ardent support of the counter reformation
What is the nature of the Munster and Geraldine Rebellions (1569 - 83) ?
Leaders - Earl of Desmond, James Fitzgerald
Duration - very long
Geography - distant / foreign invasion
Size + Support - 600 Spanish Troops
What is the impact of the Munster and Geraldine Rebellions (1569 - 83) ?
Greys pacification - cattle slaughtered, 1580 harvest burned = raging famine
Destruction of the power of the Desmond’s
English ‘plantation’ of Munster
What are the causes of Tyrone’s rebellion (1596 - 1603) ?
Resentment of central interference - Wanted a complete break from the Tudors - wanted himself as Irelands ruler
Religion - wrapped himself in religion appealing for Spanish + Papal help
What is the nature of Tyrone’s rebellion (1596 - 1603) ?
Duration - very long (7 years)
Geography - no good maps, 25% was a bog- malarial land that allowed frequent ambushes
Size + Support - 1599-battle of the Yellow Ford - 800 soldiers killed, 3,400 Spanish troops
Government response - Robert Devereux with 17,000 men
What is the impact of Tyrone’s rebellion (1596 - 1603) ?
Treaty of Mallifont
Tyrone gives up claim s to overlordship in Ulster in exchange for effective independence that proves so worthless he flees Ireland for good in 1607
Most officials are now English born, English common law applied to all Irish counties, but Ireland remains stubbornly catholic.
What are the causes of the Oxfordshire Rebellion (1596) ?
What is the nature of the Oxfordshire Rebellion (1596) ?
What is the impact of the Oxfordshire Rebellion (1596) ?
What are the causes of the Essex Rebellion (1601) ?
What is the nature of the Essex Rebellion (1601) ?
What is the impact of the Essex Rebellion (1601) ?
