Rebellion Flashcards
1
Q
What were causes of unrest and the nature of rebellion during Edwards years?
A
- Some were triggered by opposition to the new English-language liturgy and the Protestant changes to traditional Catholic practices, including the removal of altars and the use of the English-language mass
- The enclosure movement (the process by which common land was converted into private property, often for sheep farming) led to widespread economic hardship, particularly among the poor and rural population. Rising prices and inflation during Edward VI’s reign exacerbated the hardship felt by common people.
- Edward VI’s minority meant the country was governed by a regency council, which was often divided between Protestant factions and faced internal conflict. This instability contributed to general dissatisfaction and made it difficult for the government to effectively address social issues.
2
Q
What were the causes of rebellion under Mary ?
A
- economic problems inherited from Edward VI’s reign, such as high inflation, rising rents, and food shortages, continued into Mary’s reign. The dissolution of monastic lands under Henry VIII had left many local economies in turmoil, and Mary’s failure to restore these lands fully created frustration among the nobility and common people alike.
- Mary’s marriage to Philip II of Spain in 1554, a Catholic alliance, caused significant discontent among the English people, who feared Spanish domination. Philip was unpopular among many English subjects, who viewed his presence as a foreign threat to English sovereignty.
3
Q
What were the events of the wyatt rebellion ?
A
- 1554 was one of the most significant uprisings during the reign of Mary I.
- Thomas Wyatt, a prominent nobleman from Kent, became the leader of the rebellion. Wyatt was a former courtier and had served under both Henry VIII and Edward VI, but strongly disapproved of the marriage to King Philip of Spain
- Wyatt’s plan was to march on London and overthrow Mary’s government. He gathered a group of rebels, primarily from Kent, but also from surrounding areas like Surrey and Essex.
- the goal of deposing Mary and replacing her with her Protestant half-sister, Elizabeth,
- Wyatt’s force grew to around 3,000 men, but they were still vastly outnumbered by the royal army.
- Mary prepared for defense and sent loyal troops to counter Wyatt’s march. The government, headed by Mary and her advisors, quickly mobilized forces to confront the rebels.
4
Q
What were causes of the Wyatt rebellion?
A
- Many English people feared that the marriage would lead to increased Spanish influence over England, undermining English sovereignty and control.
- he idea of a foreign monarch ruling alongside an English queen was deeply unpopular. Philip’s position as king consort would give him considerable influence, leading to fears that Mary would be a puppet to Spanish interests
- Mary’s restoration of Catholicism, including the Marian Persecutions, had alienated large sections of the Protestant population. The persecution of Protestant reformers and the return to Catholic doctrines and practices made many Protestants fearful of losing their religious freedoms.
5
Q
What were consequences of the Wyatt Rebellion?
A
- Strengthened Mary’s political authority, By suppressing the rebellion, she demonstrated her ability to defend her crown and authority. The failure of the rebellion confirmed her power as the rightful queen.
- The suppression of the rebellion also allowed Mary to remove potential political threats. Many of the rebel leaders were executed or imprisoned, which served as a stark warning to anyone considering similar uprising
- The rebellion highlighted the profound religious divide in England.
6
Q
What were the causes of the western rebellion?
A
- Western Rebellion of 1549, also known as the Prayer Book Rebellion, was one of the major uprisings during the reign of Edward VI
- Political reason - Many rebels were unhappy with the local gentry and the way they enforced the new religious laws. They believed the government was too remote and unresponsive to the needs of the people, especially regarding their religious practices and economic hardships.
- Economic cause- Enclosure, the process of converting common land into private property for sheep farming, had displaced many peasants, reducing their access to land and livelihoods. Poor harvests in the years preceding the rebellion led to food shortages, rising prices, and hunger. This economic distress caused considerable unrest, especially in the rural communities of Devon and Cornwall
- Religious cause - . Many rebels were angered by the introduction of this prayer book and the requirement for clergy to use it, feeling that it undermined their traditional Catholic practices. This religious alienation was one of the main triggers of the rebellion.
7
Q
What were the events of the western rebellion?
A
- started in Devon in late June 1549. It was sparked by the widespread opposition to the introduction of the Book of Common Prayer,
- The rebels then moved to Exeter, the largest city in the southwest, where they occupied the city and called for the restoration of Catholic practices. They also demanded the removal of the Protestant bishops and the return of the traditional Latin Mass
- government response to the rebellion was initially slow and ineffective. The Earl of Pembroke, a military leader appointed by the government, was tasked with suppressing the revolt. However, he was initially unsuccessful in breaking the siege at Exeter.
- government sent a larger force to quell the rebellion, and the Royal Army, led by Lord John Russell, eventually defeated the rebels in August 1549.
Many of the rebels were captured, and the leaders were executed. Approximately 4,000 rebels were killed in the rebellion.
8
Q
What was consequence of western rebellion?
A
- Strengthened Protestant reforms, , the government under Edward VI and his regents remained committed to their Protestant reforms. The uprising highlighted the deep resistance to these changes in certain areas, but it did not lead to a reversal of the Book of Common Prayer or other Protestant measures.
- These economic grievances did not disappear after the rebellion was suppressed, and the poverty and social unrest that contributed to the rebellion continued to affect rural populations in Devon, Cornwall, and other regions.
9
Q
What was the causes of the Kett Rebellion?
A
- 1549 was another major uprising during the reign of Edward VI, which took place in Norfolk, primarily in the region around Norwich.
- Economic Grievances , the enclosure movement, which involved the conversion of common land into private property, primarily for sheep farming. Enclosure often resulted in the displacement of peasants who depended on common land for grazing, farming, and sustenance. The landless peasants who were displaced by this practice were hit hard by economic hardship, leading to widespread resentment
- period leading up to the rebellion was marked by rising food prices and economic hardship. This was exacerbated by bad harvests and inflation. Poor harvests in the 1540s increased food scarcity and made life even harder for the lower classes
10
Q
What was the events of the Kett rebellion?
A
- began in 1549, when a group of local peasants and common folk in Norfolk, led by Robert Kett, rose up in protest against enclosures and other abuses by the local gentry. The rebels marched toward Norwich, the largest city in the region, and gained a large following
- The rebels seized Norwich in early July. They camped outside the city, fortifying their position on Mousehold Heath, a location that provided strategic advantages. The size of the rebel army swelled to over 16,000 men as more peasants from surrounding areas joined the revolt.
- rebels presented a list of grievances, which included demands for the removal of enclosures, fair rents, the return of common land, and the removal of corrupt local officials and clergymen.
- also wanted religious reforms, though these were less central than the economic and social demands. They wanted the restoration of the traditional Catholic Mass and the return of monasteries and other religious institutions.
- , the government sent an army led by the Earl of Warwick (John Dudley) to suppress the rebellion.
- Robert Kett and other leaders of the rebellion were executed for treason. Kett was hanged,
11
Q
What was consequence of Kett Rebellion?
A
- The rebellion was a direct challenge to the monarchy’s authority. Its suppression was an important moment for the Edwardian government to reassert its power, particularly after the Western Rebellion and Kett’s Rebellion, both of which revealed widespread discontent.
- Following the rebellion, the government became more aware of the potential for further uprisings and unrest. This led to an increased military presence and further repression of the lower classes.
12
Q
What was the Spanish Marriage ?
A
- which took place in 1554, was a significant event in the history of Mary’s reign and a major source of political and religious tension in England.
- The marriage was part of an alliance between England and Spain, with political and dynastic considerations at the forefront
- Philip II was eager to marry Mary in part to strengthen his own position as a monarch in Europe. Philip had already inherited a vast empire that included Spain, the Netherlands, and parts of Italy, and he sought to further strengthen his power in Europe by securing England as a Catholic ally
