Reasons for Italy's intervention in WW1 Flashcards
Briefly explain what the declaration of neutrality 1914 was.
-1914 war broke out against Germany and Austria-Hungary against Britain, France and Russia
-Italy had joined the Triple Alliance 1882 with Germany and Austria-Hungary
-WW1 broke out August 1914, however Italy did not have to join the side of Austria-Hungary as it had not consulted Italy’s government before declaring war on Serbia- meaning Italy’s Treaty obligations to Austria did not apply.
-Italy announced that it would remain neutral
Who condemned the declaration of neutrality?
Giolotti, many in Parliament.
- many Italians had no wish to get involved in war/ in European’s conflict- backed Giolitti/ non interventionist politicians
What did the declaration of neutrality cause?
Divisons and set off a political crisis- slit the liberals in Parliament.
Why did PM Antonio Salandra argue that Italy should join the war?
He feared that if Germany won they would not be sympathetic to an ally who failed to come to their side at this critical time.
On the other hand, in the event of a victory of the Triple Entente Italy would not see any of her ambitions in the Mediterranean.
What would joining the war also give Salandra?
The opportunity to introduce repressive legislation that would offer an authoritarian solution to Italy’s problems.
With and Italian victory, Salandra and his methods would not be challenged.
Why did Italy sign the Treaty of London?
Salandra and Sonnino began secret discussions with Britain, France, Germany and Austria.
The Triple Entente offered the best deal offering much of the irredente lands to Italy (South Tyrol, Trentino, Trieste, Irista and Dalmatia)
When did Italy sign the Treaty of London, pledging to support Britain, France and Russia?
26 April 1915
Who had been against intervention?
PSI, the Catholic Party, and the Pope.
-negotiations had been conducted in complete secrecy, not even the army generals had been informed.
Did the Italian population have any interest in the war?
No- they had no appetite for outside of the major cities.
Who announced their opposition to the war?
Giolitti and 300 deputies leaving Parliament totally divided
Mussolini was also expelled from Socialist party for supporting intervention.
When Salandra resigned who did the King ask to form a new ministry?
Giolitti
Why did Giolitti refuse the King’s offer?
If Italy did not honour the Treaty of London it would have betrayed both sides and more importantly the King informed Giolitti that he would abdicate if the Treaty was not honoured, which would cause a crisis in Italy.
When was Salandra reinstated as PM?
16 May
When did Italy officially declare war on Austria?
25 May
Important to note that the foreign and domestic realities forced Italy into war- not because of pressure from interventional its.
