Reasons for intervention in Egypt 1882

Question 1

When was the Suez Canal completed?

Answer 1

1869

Question 2

Between 1863 and 1870, what had the foreign debt of Egypt risen to?

Answer 2

£3 million to £100 million

Question 3

By which year was the khedive of Egypt effectively bankrupt?

Answer 3

1875-1876

Question 4

What was the name given to the financial control put on Egypt by Britain and France?

Answer 4

Dual Control (France= Caisse de la Dette)

Question 5

What were some of the policies implemented by Ismail Pasha (khedive of Egypt) under the influence of Dual Control?

Answer 5

Cutting the pay of the army; sales taxes on food and goods; reduced interest rate of Egypt debt (to 5%)

Question 6

Who was Ismail Pasha’s son who became khedive in 1879?

Answer 6

Tewfik Pasha

Question 7

When was Tewfik replaced as khedive?

Answer 7

26 June 1879

Question 8

Who was Arabi Pasha?

Answer 8

Colonel Ahmed Urabi

Question 9

What did Arabi Pasha refer to himself as being?

Answer 9

fellahin (ploughman)

Question 10

When did Arabi Pasha lead a coup after the attempted dismissal of 2,500 officers?

Answer 10

1879

Question 11

How much did the Nationalist government in 1879 borrow from the Rothschilds to avoid disputed cuts?

Answer 11

£400,000

Question 12

What percentage of shipping through the Suez Canal was British?

Answer 12

80%

Question 13

What percentage of shares did Disraeli purchase of the Suez Canal?

Answer 13

45%

Question 14

By 1880, what percentage of Egypt’s exports were bought by Britain?

Answer 14

80%

Question 15

By 1880, what percentage of Egypt’s imports were British?

Answer 15

44%

Question 16

When was the American Civil War?

Answer 16

1861-1865

Question 17

How much of Gladstone’s personal wealth was invested in Egyptian loans?

Answer 17

37%

Question 18

When did the British and French expedition fleet anchor off Alexandria?

Answer 18

11 June (set off on 20 May 1882)

Question 19

How many Europeans died as a result of the violence in Alexandria?

Answer 19

50 Europeans (250 Egyptians)

Question 20

When was the Gambetta Note issued?

Answer 20

January 1882

Question 21

What was the Gambetta note?

Answer 21

The maintenance of the khedive was crucial, and that military intervention was imminent to protect the khedive.

Question 22

Why didn’t the French warhships bombard Alexandria in July 1882?

Answer 22

Actions of German Chancellor Bismarck, saying no change without permission of Great Powers

Question 23

When was Leon Gambetta replaced by Charles de Freycinet?

Answer 23

30 January 1882

Question 24

When did Arabi Pasha fortify Alexandria?

Answer 24

11 June 1882

Question 25

When did British ships begin bombardment of Alexandria?

Answer 25

11 July 1882

Question 26

When is Arabi Pasha defeated at Tel el-Kebir?

Answer 26

12 September 1882

Question 27

How many British and Egyptian casualties at Tel el-Kebir?

Answer 27

57 British dead; 2000 Egyptian casualties

Question 28

When was Tewfik restored as khedive and Arabi Pasha exiled to Ceylon?

Answer 28

3 December 1882

Question 29

When did Sir Evelyn Baring return as consul general of Egypt (every advisor and the khedive reports to him)?

Answer 29

1883

Question 30

What were the three interpretations of British occupation in Egypt?

Answer 30

The pursuit of an informal empire and formal when necessary; importance of bond-holders in London; social and economic tension in Egypt