reasons for increase in fundamentalism

Question 1

response to feminism

AO3

Answer 1

• encouraged women to seek equality with men
• breaking free from the confines of the home
• taking on breadwinner role
• encourages them to be powerful in the home, leading to a crisis in masculinity
• fundamentalism acts as an antidote to feminism

Only applies to western societies who are exposed to feminist ideas

Question 2

response to postmodernity

AO3

Answer 2

• postmodern society brings freedom of choice, uncertainty and a heightened awareness of risk
• undermines old uncertainties
• resistant identity
• postmodernist ideas are being spread around the world due to globalisation

those who join fundamentalist groups tend to already belong to a church who claims to have the truth

Question 3

response to secularisation

Answer 3

• religious beliefs and practices have declined
• feel like their religious views are under threat
• legalisation of gay marriage and abortion
• more access to a range of religions, makes people question the plausibility

secularisation is growing more than fundamentalist organisations

Question 4

cultural defence

AO3

Answer 4

• religion provides comfort against an external threat, e.g. racism
• pro western regime in iran where aspects of islamic culture were replaced
• lead to 1979 iranian revolution
• cultural defence would not be necessary without globalisation