Reasoning, Judgment & Choice Flashcards
What is reasoning?
Thought process involving the establishment of a conclusion given some premises
What are syllogisms?
Set of three statements; 2 premises and 1 conclusion
When are syllogisms valid?
As long as they are logical, whether you agree with it or not
What are heuristics?
Number of biases or predispositions to see a situation in a particular way that come from these mental shortcuts
What are illusory correlations?
Mistaken belief that events go together when in fact they do not
What is the peak-end rule?
Participants will decide based on an average of their memory of the worst the pain got, and how bad it was at the end
What is gambler’s fallacy?
Belief that non-occurence of an event across independent trials increases the probability of occurring
What is representative heuristic?
Assumption that small samples should resemble both one another and the population
What is anchoring?
People’s decisions are easily biased by the information presented
What is the difference between system 1 and system 2 and what cognitive system do they refer to?
System 1: thinking fast - cognitive ease
System 2: thinking slow - cognitive strain
A mental shortcut or rule of thumb is also called a …
Heuristic
The belief that an event is more likely to occur after independent trials of its non-occurrence is ___
Gambler’s fallacy
The ____ heuristic is the belief of an event given its greater availability in our minds
Availability
