Reasoning, Argument and Logic

Question 1

Semantic ambiguity

Answer 1

When a word has more than one possible meaning (and isn’t specified)

Question 2

Syntactic ambiguity

Answer 2

When a sentence’s grammar gives it multiple possible meanings

Question 3

Consistent propositions

Answer 3

Both can be true

Question 4

Contradictory propositions

Answer 4

They can’t both be true or false

Question 5

Contrary propositions

Answer 5

They can both be false but not true

Question 6

Sub-contrary propositions

Answer 6

They can both be false but not true

Question 7

Proposition

Answer 7

Statement that is either true or false

Question 8

Premise

Answer 8

Proposition used to support a conclusion

Question 9

Conclusion

Answer 9

Proposition supported by at least one premise

Question 10

Argument

Answer 10

2 propositions - a conclusion and at least one premise

Question 11

Deductive Validity

Answer 11

If the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true (the premises entail the conclusion)

Question 12

Soundness

Answer 12

The premises and conclusion are all true

Question 13

Thesis

Answer 13

A claim someone could disagree with, argued for in the rest of the essay

Question 14

Indexical

Answer 14

A statement that changes relative to how it’s used

Question 15

Inference bar

Answer 15

The line between the premises and conclusion