Reasoning Flashcards
Third act of the mind
Infers the relation between two terms on the basis of their relation to a third term
Reasoning
To conclude or to understand something from a known fact
Inferential thinking
Steps in reasoning
Apprehension of the three concepts
Comparison of the two concepts with a third concept
Perception of the identity or non identity of the two concepts with the third
Pronouncement of the identity of non identity of concepts
Outward expression of mental inference
Discourse establishing the agreement or diagreement between two terms on the basis of their relation to a common or third term
A verbal expression containing three terms arranged in three propositions
Syllogism
First two proposition is calles
Antecedent
Third antecedent is called
Conclusion
Types of reasoning
Deductice
Inductive
Categorical
Hypothetical
Inferential thinking which proceeds from universal principles and concludes a particular truth
Deduction
Inferential thinking which proceeds from enumeration of individual facts and concludes a universal truth or principle
Induction
Deductive reasoning which concludes in a universal manner without any condition
Categorical reasoning
Deductice reasoning which concludes under certain conditions
Hypothetical
Material elements of categorical proposition
Term
Proposition
Kinds of term
Major term - predicate of conclusion
Minor term - subject of conclusion
Middle term - terms that appear in both premises ; serves as a medium of comparison between major and minor term
Kinds of proposition
Major premise - proposition containing the major term
Minor premise - proposition containing the minor term
Conclusion - proposition contatining major and minor term
Rules of categorical syllogism
Dictum de omni
Dictum de nullo
Principle of reciprocal identity
