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Biomechanics Exam 2 (Armita) > Rearfoot deformity > Flashcards

Rearfoot deformity Flashcards

1
Q

Rearfoot deformity

A

position of the rearfoot (calcaneus) relative to the floor when the subtalar joint is in neutral position
NCSP

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2
Q

Rearfoot deformity or NCSP formula

A

Subtalar joint neutral position +Tibial influence

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3
Q

STJNP

A

The FRONTAL PLANE relationship of the leg bisection to the calcaneal bisection while the subtalar joint is neutral position

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4
Q

STJNP Is affected by

A

The shape of the calcaneus
The shape of the talus
The orientation of the STJ itself
(in reality because the way we measure STJNP , the shape/orientation of the ankle joint also affects the measurements )

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5
Q

Tibial influence

A

The Frontal plane relationship of the tibia to the ground while the STJ is in neutral position

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6
Q

The pt should be standing in what position while measuring TI?

A

NCSP

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7
Q

Tibial influence affected by

A

Frontal plane deformities proximal to the STJ

  • Tibial varum/valgum
  • Genu Varum/Valgum
  • and anything that will effect the frontal plane
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8
Q

Rearfoot deformity formula

A

NCSP=STJNP+TI

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9
Q

Rearfoot varus

A

The rearfoot (calcaneous) is inverted with respect to the ground when standing in neutral calcaneal stance position

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10
Q

Rearfoot varus is composed of

A

-STJ varus
AND/OR
-varus TI

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11
Q

STJ varus may be caused by

A
  • calcaneal varus
  • Talar varus
  • Varus orientation of the joint
  • inverted tibial plafond ( not a true STJ varus but will appear as an inverted calcaneal bisection)
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12
Q

calcaneal varus is due to

A

Lack of normal ontogeny

medial hypoplasia of the calcaneus or assymetric growth meaning medial and lateral are not growing at the same rate

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13
Q

Talar varus is due to

A

medial hypoplasia of talus

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14
Q

Varus TI may be a result of

A
  • tibial varum

- Genu varum

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15
Q

Tibial Varum

A
  • bowing of the lower 1/3 of the leg (inadequate ontogenous change )
  • pathiphysiological bowing (rickets, etc)
  • hypoplasia of medial tibial epiphysis
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16
Q

compensation

A

The way body responds to a deformity or abnormal function

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17
Q

How many forms of compensation?

A
  • compensated
  • partially compensated
  • uncompensated
  • overcompensated
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18
Q

compensated

A

GRF are equal across the STJ axis, plantar aspect of the heel and plantar aspect of the foot

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19
Q

Partially compensated

A
  • at end ROM , a fully compensted position is unable to reached
  • GRF are unable to equialized
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20
Q

uncompensated

A

No motion has occurred to provide compensation

21
Q

Overcompensated

A

Motion has occurred beyond what was required for full compensation

22
Q

compensation is represented by

A

RCSP

23
Q

What is RCSP?

A

RCSP represents STJ position as a result of compensation for deformities in all 3 planes

24
Q

Frontal plane deformities examples

A

Valgus/Varus

25
Q

Sagittal plane deformities

A

equinus

26
Q

Transverse plane deformities examples

A

abducted/adducted

27
Q

What are the possible motions for MTJ

A
  • maximally pronated
  • supinated
  • maximally supinated
28
Q

what is the compensation for rearfoot varus

A

STJ pronation will occur until GRF are equal across the STJ /plantar aspect of the heel/plantar aspect of the foot
(look at the notes for clarification)

29
Q

what does isolated rear foot varus mean?

A

it means the only deformity present is rear foot varus

30
Q

compensation of rearfoot varus in an isolated rearfoot varus?

A

pronation at STJ occurs until the calcaneal bisection is perpendicular to the ground or until the end of ROM , whichever comes first

31
Q

maximally pronated stance position can be determined

A

using TI and STJ eversion

32
Q

STJ ROM is measured using

A

leg bisection

33
Q

Maximally pronated stance position formula

A

maximally pronates stance position = TI-STJ eversion

34
Q

In a fully compensated rearfoot varus defromity RCSP is

A

0

35
Q

RCSP represent

A

rearfoot deformity
and also
compensation at the STJ

36
Q

STJNP

A

eversion + inevrsion/3- eversion

37
Q

NCSP

A

STJNP+TI

38
Q

when the RCSP is 0

A

Fully compensated rearfoot varus

39
Q

Rearfoot valgus

A

The rearfoot (calcaneus ) is everted with respect to the ground when standing in NCSP

40
Q

Rearfoot valgus is composed of

A

-STJ valgus
and/or
-Valgus tibial influence

41
Q

STJ valgus is rare or common

A

RARE

42
Q

Valgus TI

A

Genu valgum

Tibial valgum

43
Q

where will GRF be in RF valgus?

A

GRF will be on the medial side of the foot , medial to the MTJ and STJ axis providing an external supinatory moment

44
Q

How far would the LMJA compensate

A

LMJA would be able to supinate 4-6º ( end of ROM) to compensate

45
Q

if the rearfoot valgus deformity is more than 4-6º

A

The STJ may aslo supinate

46
Q

if the LMJA is supinating for compensation, the forefoot

A

is unstable

47
Q

Any deformity that puts the STJ in an everted position of greater than 5º will force the STJ

A

to go to the end of range of pronation

48
Q

The more everted the calcaneal bisection to the ground,

A

the more inverted the forefoot to the rearfoot

Biomechanics Exam 2 (Armita) (2 decks)

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