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international relations > realism (intro & history) > Flashcards

realism (intro & history) Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of theory is realism

A

hegemonic

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2
Q

what is the regular condition of international system according to realist theory?

A

state of war (defended by realism)

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3
Q

who originated the CLASSICAL THEORY OF REALISM

A

Thucydides

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4
Q

what is Thucydides trap?

A

war emerges bc of fear of an emerging power taking away existing hegemonic power ie. disrupting the balance of power

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5
Q

what is pax romana/augusta? (roman peace)
explain concept

A

200 yr long golden age of peace in Roman empire

concept: universal state civilization

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6
Q

why did thucydidian realism decline?

A
  1. pax romana/augistina (universal state civilization)
  2. chinese & roman power of the time never interacted ie no rise of balance of power
  3. spead of christianity & christian universalism
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7
Q

according to machiavelli, what are prince’s duties

A
  1. protect his power
  2. protect his subjects
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8
Q

what is normal condition in world affairs

A

war; every solution, victory or compromise is a preperation for another war

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9
Q

source of international anarchy? (according to hobbes)

A

internal order

creating a dilemma between the two

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10
Q

main reasons for rivalry & competition among states (acc to hobbes)

A
  1. independence
  2. jealousy
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11
Q

what is leviathan over leviathan?

A

leviathan= state
leviathan over leviathan= state ruling over another state ie international govt which is impossible

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12
Q

when and how did thirty year war end?

A

lasted from 1618-1648
ended with TREATY OF WESTPHALIA (foundation of present international law)

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13
Q

essential principles of Treaty of Westphalia

A

3 principles
1. whose realm, his religion : religion is internal affair and cannot be fought over ie. NON INTERFERENCE
2. all nations are equal and independent; king’s an emperor in his. ie. SOVEREIGNTY
3. no one can be stronger than other ie. BALANCE OF POWER
+ collab to fight over whenever one state wants dominance (eg WW)

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14
Q

where did Thucydides trap emerge from

A

pelopponesian war

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15
Q

features of realist school

A
  1. state centric
  2. state of anarchy
  3. states depend on self help
  4. main goal= survival
  5. survival through= increasing power
  6. security dilemma
  7. power is a “zero sum game”
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16
Q

what’s 3 S’s of realsim

A

stateism: neglects importance of other actors
security
self help

17
Q

what and who gave idea of Vijigishu

A

Kautilya
it means (ever hungry to acquire power)

18
Q

who wrote ART OF WAR

A

sun tzu, also gave guerilla warfare among many war strategies

19
Q

different schools of realsim

A
  1. classical
  2. neo realism
    2.1 defensive
    2.2 offensive
    2.3 neo classical realism
20
Q

morgenthau’s main view

A
  1. gave systemic view of realism in IP
  2. influenced by machiavelli
  3. supported classical realism
21
Q

in 1948, morganthau wrote

A

politics among nations

22
Q

what’re the 6 principles of realism by morganthau

A
  1. man is ANIMUS DOMANDI ie power seeking
  2. national interest through security, security through power
  3. national interest & power is highly dynamic
  4. pragmatic is ethics of politics
  5. difference between moral aspirations of a nation & universal moral principles
  6. IP is autonomous: not ethics, not law, not econ
23
Q

3 classifications of countries on basis of morganthau foreign policy

A
  1. STATUS QUO- benefits from present system eg US
  2. REVISIONISTS -change the system (china)
  3. IMPERIALIST (germany under hitler )
24
Q

3 critics of morhanthau

A
  1. kenneth waltz: not scientific
  2. Benno wasserman: human nature not scientific
  3. stanley hoffman: ‘power monism’
25
Q

synonym of neo realism

A
  1. structural (shift from nature to structure)
  2. scientific (kenneth waltz)
26
Q

kenneth watlz’s book name that was published in 1979

A

the theory of international politics

wrote to prove that realism is “timeless wisdom”

27
Q

what is detente

A

a relaxing of tension phase during cold war

28
Q

what are the prominent ideas of waltz on IP

A

comparison of domestic & world pol to understand impact of anarchy

  1. security dilemma: need of arms
  2. functional differentiation: dom 3 branches of gov
  3. capabilities determine polarity & denotes power

no freedom to actors

29
Q

difference between waltz and mearshiemer

A

waltz was defensive (security maximizers), counter coalition, power enough for defense

mearschiemer is offensive (power maximizers), no amount of power is enough, closer to morganthau
against ‘bandwagoning’

30
Q

2001 publication of mearshiemer

A

the tragedy of great power politics

31
Q

mearshiemer’ observation on US- China

A
  1. china is challenge to US hegemony
  2. foolish of US to support china
  3. foolish of US to accept “peaceful rise” discourse
32
Q

mearsheimer’s policies

A
  1. direct
    1.1 war
    1.2 blackmailing
  2. indirect
    a. buck passing: “swing state”
    b. bait & bleed
    c. blood letting
33
Q

critics of structural

A
  1. no scope for dem politics
  2. focus too much on security
  3. role of non state actors
34
Q

whats neo classical realism, name a few proponents

A

include actor level analysis along w structure
1. fareed Zakaria
2. gideon rose
3. randall shwellar

35
Q

basis of 3rd world realism

A
  1. eurocentrism
  2. insecurity dilemma (by mohammad ayub)
36
Q

models of power polarity

A
  1. uni: stable but unlikely
  2. bi: stable & likely, predictable
  3. multi: unstable & likely, unpredictable

international relations (3 decks)

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