Realism Flashcards

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1
Q

General overview of realism.

A

Both focus on crime prevention strategies, they deal with crime more head on as a real life problem with consequences and victims which need tackling. They both agree on:
-significant rises in crime
-concerned about the widespread fear of crime and effects on victims
- other perspectives have failed to deal with the real issue of tackling crime.

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2
Q

What are left realists more interested in?

A

A gradual social change rather than a revolution.

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3
Q

What do left realists believe is right?

A

That we should be realistic and work on reducing crime here and now.

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4
Q

Who are the main theorists for Left Realism?

A

Lea and Young.

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5
Q

What is marginalisation?

A

Where some one ahs no clear goals or organisation they turn to crime.

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6
Q

What happens as a result of the young unemployed being marginalised?

A

They turn to crime due to being unable to find political means to express their interests.

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7
Q

What is the ‘lethal deprivation’ that relative deprivation theorists talk about?

A

Relative deprivation and individualism.

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8
Q

What is individualism?

A

People’s concerns with their own rights and benefits.

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9
Q

Why do they argue that relative poverty causes crime?

A

People commit crime to get what they want as they see other people with it.

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10
Q

Why are subcultures created?

A

When opportunities are blocked and goals cannot be reached through mainstream means and methods.

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11
Q

What are subcultures a collective solution to?

A

Relative deprivation.

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12
Q

Other than crime, what can subcultures turn to?

A

Belief.

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13
Q

What are left realists crime prevention stratergies?

A

Policing and control- policing must be more accountable to local communities and deal with local concerns. Police must improve their relationship with public and change priorities.
Tackling structural concerns- tackle discrimination, provide decent jobs, and improve housing if we want to reduce the levels of offending.

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14
Q

What are the evaluations of left realism?

A

Not everyone who experiences relative deprivation commit crime
Focuses on inner-city areas and gives unrepresentative views of crime
Use official statistics to base its views even though they are socially constructed
Fail to examine white collar crime
Right Realists say that they are too lenient on criminals and not being tough enough on them.

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15
Q

Who was Right realism created by and why?

A

Thatcher and Reagan in the 1980’s and it is linked to political and free market policies which seek to reduce the welfare state and put social responsibility on the individuals own shoulders.

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16
Q

What are Right realists causes of crime?

A

Biological differences, Socialisation, The Underclass, and single mothers.

17
Q

What does Murray say about biological differences?

A

That personality traits like aggression, the risk of taking urge, and people with low IQ’s causes crime.

18
Q

How does socialisation case crime?

A

Children without the traditional nuclear family do not learn right from wrong.

19
Q

According to Murray, how does the underclass cause crime?

A

Crime has risen due to the increase of people dependent on the welfare state, which has led to decline in marriage and decline in the nuclear family which has led to inadequate socialisation.

20
Q

How do single mothers cause crime?

A

They fail to socilaise boys adequately and they lack a male role model, so can cause young male crime.

21
Q

What is the theory that Cornish and Clarke made?

A

Rational choice theory.

22
Q

What is the rational choice theory?

A

People weigh up the factors and make a rational choice before they make a crime. People commit crime based on a calculated decision of the likely consequences. If the crime seems worth it, people will commit it.

23
Q

What is the theory Wilson and Kelling made?

A

Broken Windows.

24
Q

What is the broken windows theory?

A

Where more crime is found in areas with disorganised areas and a loss of community. They physical appearance of the area e.g., graffiti adds to the problem as it causes more crime. Cleaning up areas would help to reduce the amount of crime and also the zero tolerance policy of arresting people for minor crimes.

25
Q

What is Right theorists crime prevention strategies?

A

It advocated for strong public punishments such as the notion of zero tolerance. They also have policies such as ASBO’s, curfews, electronic tagging, and parental orders.

26
Q

What is the evaluations for right realism?

A

It ignores corporate crime and only focuses on petty crime
Gives police free reign to discriminate against minorities, youths, and the homeless
Zero tolerance leads to displacement so it moves the problem elsewhere
Left Realism disagree about the causes of crime and the ways in which crime should be tackled.