Reagents

Question 1

H2SO4

Answer 1

Sulfuric acid- strong acid. Useful in elimination reactions since the conjugate base is a poor nucleophile. Will combine with H2O to form H3O. Forms Zaitsev product

Question 2

HBr

Answer 2

Hydrobromic acid- strong acid. Add to compounds with multiple bonds, react with primary, secondary, tertiary alcohols to form alkyl bromides.

Question 3

HCl

Answer 3

Hydrochloric acid- strong acid. Can react with multiple bonds in alkenes and alkynes, form chlorinated compounds.

Question 4

HgSO4

Answer 4

Mercuric sulfate- Lewis acid. In presence of H3O+ will perform icy merch ration of alkynes to ketones.

Question 5

MsCl

Answer 5

Turns alcohols into good leaving groups (behaves similarly to TsCl)

Question 6

NaBH4

Answer 6

Sodium borohydride is a reagent for reduction of ketones and aldehydes.

Question 7

NH3

Answer 7

Ammonia- base and nucleophile. Used as solvent in reactions with Na, Li, and K.

Question 8

OH-

Answer 8

Hydroxide ion is a strong base and good nucleophile. Often seen with NaOH and KOH. (Small base-> Zaitsev product)

Question 9

Pyridine

Answer 9

Mild base. No charges, especially soluable in organic reactions. Often used in reactions that generate HCl and other strong acids.

Question 10

ROOR

Answer 10

Peroxide- used to initiate free-radical reactions.

Question 11

TsCl

Answer 11

Convert alcohols to sulfonates, creating an excellent leaving group in elimination and substitution reactions.

Question 12

TsOH

Answer 12

Tosic acid- very strong acid. Con. Base is a very poor nucleophile, making a good acid for elimination reactions. Similar to H2SO4

Question 13

t-BuOK

Answer 13

Bulky base, produces Hofmann product as the major product.

Question 14

What type of reaction occurs when TsCl and Pyridine are the reagents?

Answer 14

SN2 or E2

Question 15

What type of base does E2 prefer?

Answer 15

Strong base

Question 16

What type of base does E1 prefer?

Answer 16

Weak is ok

Question 17

What type of substrate will E1 NOT work with?

Answer 17

Primary substrate

Question 18

True or False: E2 reactions can rearrange?

Answer 18

False

Question 19

What type of reactions occurs with a polar aprotic solvent?

Answer 19

SN2/E2

Question 20

Name 3 polar aprotic solvents

Answer 20

DMSO, DMF, ketone - uses strong Nuc/base in mechanism

Question 21

What type of solvent occurs with SN1/E1 reactions?

Answer 21

Polar aprotic

Question 22

Name polar aprotic Solvents and their function

Answer 22

H20, meOH, EtOH, NH3- can H-bond

Question 23

List Strong Bases

Answer 23

LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2

Question 24

List weak bases

Answer 24

NH3, Pyridine