Reagan, social change Flashcards

1
Q

What were the 2 types of poor that Reagan saw

A

-‘Deserving poor’
-‘Welfare scroungers’

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2
Q

How did OBRA impact the poor?

A
  • Cuts that were made mainly targeted federal spending on projects that aided the poorest
  • altered the AFDC programme; fewer people were eligible and many payments were capped
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3
Q

what does AFDC stand for

A

Aid to Families with Dependent Children

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4
Q

What was ‘workfare’

A

Administration wanted to change welfare, by requiring at least one working parent before it paid out family benefit

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5
Q

Problems with workfare (2)

A

-Much of the work provided paid below minimum wage, sometimes less than benefit, so families struggled.
-Single parent families found childcare impossible to find, making it impossible to work

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6
Q

Number of low-income homes available statistics

A

1970- 2.4 million low-income homes available to families that applied for them
1985- none were available

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7
Q

How many families qualified for low-income housing in 1985

A

3.7 million

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8
Q

Federal funding for low-income homes stats (2)

A

1978- spent $32 billion
1988- $9billion

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9
Q

Federal funding to help homelessness stats

A

1984- $300 million
1988- $1.6 billion

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10
Q

Legislation to help homelessness

A

1987 McKinney Act- set up the Federal Emergency Management Food and Shelter Programme to be run by FEMA

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11
Q

What were Reagan’s welfare measures (4)

A
  • Job Training Partnership Act 1982
  • Social Security Reform Bill 1983
  • McKinney Vento Homeless Assistance Act 1987
  • Family Support Act 1988
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12
Q

Job Training Partnership Act 1982 (2)

A
  • Shifts job training from federal hands to state and private schemes
  • Removes any need for the trainees to have their incomes made up to the minimum wage
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13
Q

Social Security Reform Bill 1983 (3)

A
  • Raises the amount government takes from wages to cover the benefit
  • Makes part of benefit payments taxable
  • Changes the earning test for eligibility
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14
Q

McKinney Homelessness Assistance Act 1987

A

-Sets up the Federal Emergency Management Food and Shelter Programme to be run by FEMA

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15
Q

Family Support Act 1988 (2)

A

-Family only eligible for benefits if at least 1 parent is working for at least 16 hours a week
-Single parents expected to finish education and undergo job training, the state to provide childcare

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16
Q

Positive impact on working families

A

Some did benefit from lower taxes

17
Q

Negative impact on working families (4)

A
  • Hit hard by the changes to the family credit regulations
  • Hit by rising interest rates that pushed up housing costs
  • Between 1980-7, average mortgage debt increased by 30%
  • Rate of foreclosure quadrupled
18
Q

Impact on worker’s leisure time (2)

A

1973- workers had on average 26 hours of leisure time a week
1987-16 hours

19
Q

Impact had on young people in the workforce

A
  • Were worse off than their elders
  • 2-tier wage structure emerged in many business; Established workers kept the wage rates and benefits. whilst new workers could be offered a lower salary and fewer benefits for doing the same job
20
Q

Reagan’s desire to cut back on federal involvement result on BA

A
  • Unwilling to extend civil rights legislation or push for affirmative action
21
Q

What scheme did Reagan abandon+ who did it harm?

A

Abandonment of busing students was particularly harmful to black and Hispanic americans
-Children in the poorest and most deprived areas would have to attend these schools, therefore creating segregated schooling

22
Q

What funding did the Reagan administration withdraw

A

Withdrew 40% of its funding for bilingual education

23
Q

What type of black americans were able to get ahead

A
  • Hard-working, well-educated, middle-class, conformist black Americans could get ahead
  • Especially women, filled 2 minority ‘quotas’ for businesses
24
Q

What Civil Rights Act did Reagan veto

A

1988- Tried to veto the Civil Rights Restoration Act, which undid a SC ruling that limited anti-discrimination laws

25
Minority accomplishments in the Reagan years (3)
- Major cities such as New York, Chicago and Philadelphia elected black Mayors - Black middle class continued to grow - Jesse Jackson's run for the 1988 Democratic nomination showed black political strength
26
Women's economic position under Reagan
-1980 earned 62% of what men earned -1990 earned 72% of what men earned
27
What was defeated in 1982
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
28
Who did Reagan appoint to the SC
Sandra Day O'Connor (who was liberal on abortion)
29
Prisons
- During the 80s, drug offenders constituted 60% of rising prison population - over half were black or Hispanic
30
Welfare to Work programmes were enacted by how many states
40
31
What did the 1986 Tax Reform Act remove
- working poor from federal income taxation
32
What was passed in 1988
Fair Housing Act of 1988; expanded provisions to cover families with children and disabled