Readings in Philippine History and Society Flashcards
1
Q
Theories on the Formation of Philippines
A
- Land Bridge Theory
- Volcanic Origin
- Legend of Mu or Lemuria
- Legend of Manaul
- Continental Drift Theory
2
Q
Theorizes that the Philippines was once part of the mainland Asia.
A
Land Bridge Theory
3
Q
According to Land Bridge Theory, it was a land mass bridging the Asian continent to 1)__________, 2) _______ up to the 3)________.
A
- Indonesia
- New Guinea
- Australian Continent
4
Q
Theorizes that the land bridges allowed for the migration of humans and animals from Asian mainland to the Philippine archipelago.
A
Land Bridge Theory
5
Q
Proponent of Volcanic Origin Theory
A
Dr. Bailey Willis
6
Q
Theorizes that Philippines came into existence after eruptions of volcanoes beneath the Pacific Ocean.
A
Volcanic Origin
7
Q
The country is situated within this area which is prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
A
Pacific Ring of Fire
8
Q
Proponent of Legend of Mu or Lemuria Theory
A
James Churchward
9
Q
According to the Legend of Mu both the Philippines and Indonesia were then part of a Pacific Continent called 1)___ or 2)___.
A
- Mu
- Lemuria
10
Q
Theorizes that both the Philippines and Indonesia as part of the Pacific Continent sunk during the prehistoric period.
A
Legend of Mu or Lemuria
11
Q
Theory influenced by the legend of the lost continent of Atlantis.
A
Legend of Mu or Lemuria
12
Q
Theory based in Bisaya folklore whom Manaul is the king who guided destinies.
A
Legend of Manaul
13
Q
In Bisaya folklore, what are the characteristics of Manaul?
A
Manaul is a cunning and resourceful bird who manipulated the gods Kaptan and Magauayan into battle.
14
Q
In the Legend of Manaul, who is the god of the sky?
A
Kaptan
15
Q
In the Legend of Manaul, who is the god of the sea?
A
Magauayan
16
Q
According to this theory, the battle of the gods Kaptan and Magauayan leads to the creation of the land.
A
Legend of Manaul
17
Q
What is formed after the battle of the god of sky and sea?
A
Panay Islands
18
Q
Proponent of Continental Drift Theory
A
German meteorologist Alfred Wegener
19
Q
According to this theory, Philippines along with other continents and landmasses were part of a single supercontinent which eventually broke apart and drifted to their current positions due to movement of tectonic plates.
A
Continental Drift Theory
20
Q
A single supercontinent
A
Pangea
21
Q
In Continental Drift Theory, the upper part of the world is called ______.
A
Laurasia
22
Q
In Continental Drift Theory, the lower part of the world is called ______.
A
Gondwana
23
Q
In Continental Drift Theory, the Modern world is composed of how many continents?
A
7 Continents
24
Q
What are the Seven Continents in the world?
A
- North America
- South America
- Europe
- Africa
- Asia
- Australia
- Antarctica
25
Theories on the Peopling of Islands (Philippines).
1. Creation Theory
2. Migration Theory or Wave Theory
3. Evolution Theory or Core Population Theory
4. Sikalak and Sibkahay
26
Peopling of the Island theory that can be link to a Biblical account. For example in Genesis 1:1-31 (Earth) and Genesis 1:2-4 to 2:25 (Adam and Eve.)
Creation Theory
27
Migration Theory is also called as _______.
Wave Theory
28
Proponent of Wave Theory
Henrey Otley Beyer
29
A hypothesis that the Philippines was populated by different waves of migration from Southeast Asia.
Migration Theory or Wave Theory
30
How many waves of migration occurred during wave theory?
4 waves of Migration the DAIM
31
DAIM means
1. Dawnmen
2. Aetas and Negritos
3. Indonesians
4. Malays
32
Waves which migrated through land bridges.
1st (Dawnmen) and 2nd Waves (Aetas and Negritos)
33
Waves which migrated through boats or sea.
3rd (Indonesians) and 4th Waves (Malays)
34
Group of waves who are also called "Aborigines."
2nd Wave - Aestas and Negritos
35
Group of waves who are known for iron age culture.
4th wave - Malays
36
Other term of Evolution Theory
Core Population Theory
37
Proponent of Core Evolution Theory
Felipe Landa Jocano
38
According to Felipe Landa Jocano, what theory suggests an accurate theory to explain how humans came inhabit the Philippines?
Evolution Theory of Core Population Theory
39
Evidence in the Core Population Theory was discovered in _________ in 1962.
Tabon Caves in Palawan
40
The archeologists who found the skullcap of the Tabon Man.
1) Robert Fox, and
2) Manual Santiago
41
In what theory that Tabon Man was found?
Evolution Theory or Core Population Theory
42
Theory whom Sikalak and Sibkahay are found inside a Bamboo plant, who became the first man and woman.
Sikalak and Sibkahay
43
Who stops the fight of Sky and the Sea and discovers Sikalak and Sibkahay?
Manaul
44
Sikalak and Sibkahay are also called _____ and _____.
Malakas and Maganda
45
9 People Who Gave the Archipelago's Name
1. Early Chinese
2. 1521 - Ferdinand Magellan
3. 1543 - Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
4. 1751 - Fr. Juan J. Delgado
5. 1896 - Dr. Jose Rizal
6. American Period - American Government
7. 1946 - After Independence
8. 19th Century - Artemio Ricarte
9. 20th Century - Ferdinand Marcos Sr.
46
Archipelago's Name by
Early Chinese Traders
Ma-I (Present day Mindoro)
47
Ma-I in the present-day is _____.
Mindoro
48
Archipelago's Name by
Ferdinand Magellan (1521)
Islas de San Lazaro (Archipelago of St. Lazarus)
49
Archipelago's Name by
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos (1543)
Filipino or Las Islas Filipinas
50
Archipelago's Name by
Fr. Juan J. Delgado (1751)
Pearl of the Orient
51
Archipelago's Name by
Dr. Jose Rizal (1896)
Pearl of the Orient Seas
52
Archipelago's Name by
American Government (American Period)
Philippine Island
53
Archipelago's Name by
After Independence (1946)
Republic of the Philippines
54
Archipelago's Name by
Artemio Ricarte (19th Century)
Rizaline Republic
55
Archipelago's Name by
Ferdinand Marcos Sr. (20th Century)
Maharlika
56
What is the pre-colonial government or political unit in the country?
Barangay
57
What is the government system during the pre-colonial period in the country?
Chiefdom
58
Chieftain ruler of the Barangay or in the Muslim community is called ____.
Datu or Raja
59
Barangay system during pre-colonial period where there's no national leader is called _______.
Decentralized
60
The datu in a barangay exercises what political power?
1. executive
2. legislative
3. judicial
61
A pre-colonial judicial process which entails trial by torture.
EX. Boiling water
Trial by Ordeal
62
Give three practices during pre-colonial period related to economics.
Hunting, Gathering, Barter System
63
What kinds of industries exist during pre-colonial period?
ironworking, boatbuilding, pottery, weaving & gold working
64
What kinds of agriculture exist during pre-colonial period?
subsistence farming (planting enough for the family) and horticulture (planting and taking care of animals)
65
Pre-colonial style of trade and commerce
Foreign (trading w/ early Chinese traders) and Domestic (trading with another barangay)
66
Social class or social ranks during pre-colonial period
1. Datu Class
2. Maharlika
3. Timagua (pronounced timawa)
4. Alipin (uripon among the Visayans)
67
The ruling class during pre-colonial period
Datu Class
68
The aristocracy (mayayaman) during pre-colonial period
Maharlika
69
The common class during pre-colonial period
Timagua
70
The dependent class during pre-colonial period
Alipin
71
The social class during pre-colonial period who had "hutang"
Alipin
72
Type of Alipin with land rights and owned a house during (pre-colonial)
Aliping Namamahay
73
Type of Alipin who came at his master's call to work on the fields and do other services during (pre-colonial)
Aliping Namamahay
74
Type of Alipin who are members of the master's household and who also ate from theirs master's pot during (pre-colonial)
Aliping Sagigilid
75
Late 16th century manuscript mentioned that only men were qualified for the title of "Datu." The datus power also depends upon the faithfulness of his followers.
Boxer Codex
76
Writing sytem during pre-colonial period
Baybayin (if wala sa option, choose Alibata)
77
Oldest writing system in the Philippines
Baybayin (if wala sa option, choose Alibata)
78
Describe the education during pre-colonial period
1) Informal education - through apprenticeship
2) Domestic chores and practical/occupational honing of skills - hunting & farming
3) Theoritical/moral and spiritual awakening eg. worship, laws and codes
79
The goals of the Europeans for their expansion
God, Gold & Glory (3Gs)
80
The Spain colonized the Philippines for how many years
333 years
81
He led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe
Ferdinand Magellan
82
What is the nationality of Ferdinand Magellan?
Portuguese
83
He led the expedition for Spain to Moluccas by sailing west.
Ferdinand Magellan
84
Who were the people accompanied Ferdinand Magellan during his expedition?
F - Fr. Pedro de Valderama
A - Antonio Pigafetta
D - Duarta De Barbosa
E - Enrique of Malacca
85
Chronicler of Ferdinand Magellan during his expedition
Antonio Pigafetta
86
The interpreter of Magellan during his expedition
Enrique of Malacca
87
5 Ships of Magellan
TRInidad
CONception
SANtiago
SAN Antonio
VICtoria
88
Flagship of Magellan
Trinidad
89
First ship to circumnavigate the world
Victoria
90
Ship that conceded and returned to Spain
San Antonio
91
When did Magellan and co. saw the island of Samar?
March 16, 1521
92
Leyte Blood Compact
Blood Compact between Ferdinand Magellan and Rajah Kolambu
93
Bohol Blood Compact
Blood Compact between Miguel Lopez de Legaspi and Rajah Sikatuna
94
Where did happened the first mass in the Philippines?
Limasawa (Mazaua), Leyte
95
When did happened the first mass in the Philippines?
March 31, 1521
96
When did Ferdinand Magellan died?
April 27, 1521
97
Who killed Magellan?
Lapu-Lapu
98
First Filipino Hero
Lapu-Lapu
99
First Man to circumnavigate the world
Juan Sebastian Elcano (Delcano)
100
Other Spanish Expedition in the Philippines
1) Loaysa Expedition by Father Juan Garcia Jofre De Loaysa
2) Cabot Expedition by Sebastian Cabot
3) Saavedra Expedition by Alvari de Sayavedra
4) Villalobos Expedition by Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
101
First Spanish Governer General
Miguel Lopez de Legaspi
102
Last Spanish Governer General
Diego delos Rios
103
Who established a permanent settlement in the Philippine Island during Hispanization?
Miguel Lopez de Legaspi
104
First Spanish settlement established
San Miguel or Santissismo Nombre de Jesus (City of the Most Holy Name of Jesus)
105
Oldest City in the Philippines
Cebu
106
Who established Manila as capital of the Philippines in 1571
Ferdinand Magellan
107
Capital of the Philippines
Manila
108
During the Hispanization of the Philippines, the government was ______.
Centralized
109
Served as the guide in administration of the country during the Spanish period
Royal Decree
110
A plan implemented by Fr. Juan de Plasencia which required the natives to live in the area near the church.
Reduccion Plan
111
town centers during Spanish period was called
Cabeceras
112
King's official representative
Governor-General
113
Who issues superior decress? (Spanish Period)
Governor-General
114
The right of the governor to suspend the operation of Royal decree coming from the King.
Cumplase
115
formula in exercising the right to cumplase
I obey but do not comply.
116
Commander-in-chief of the armed forces during Spanish period
Governor - General
117
Considered as vice royal patron in the Philippines which means that he can appoint minor officials and parish priests (Spanish Period)
Governor - General
118
Gubernatorial Powers
1) Audiencia Real or Royal Audiencia
2) Residencia
3) Visitador-General
119
Supreme Court and the highest court on the colony during Spanish period
Audiencia Real or Royal Audiencia
120
Judicial institution headed with the purpose of punishing those guilty of graft and corruption during Spanish period
Residencia (here in the Philippines)
121
Check the behaviour of the high officials in the colony during Spanish period
Visitador-General or Visita
122
Type of economic system during Spanish period
Monopoly
123
taxation during Spanish period
a tribute of 8 reales
124
8 reales tribute (taxation) was replaced by _____ which is based on income for residents 18 years and above
Personal Cedula Poll Tax
125
Forced labor during Spanish period
Polo y Servicio
126
How many days does men of age 16-60 required to work for the government
40 days
127
Forced labor often without daily allowances and with meager food rations
Polo y Servicio
128
Source of corruption, involved land grants to deserving Spaniards
Encomienda
129
A trade from which products are shipped from MANILA to ACAPULCO, MEXICO, with forced labor involvement.
Galleon Trade or Acapulco Trade
130
a payment paid to be exempted from Polo y Servicio
Falla
131
Tobacco cultivation and trade which lasted for 100 years
Tobacco Monopoly
132
Who starter Tobacco Monopoly?
Jose Basco Y. Vargas
133
Greatest legacy of Spain to the Philippines
Catholicism
134
Early religious missionaries
1. Augustinians (All)
2. Franciscans (Farmers)
3. Jesuits (Jumped)
4. Dominicans (Down the)
5. Recollects (River)
6. Benedictines (Banks)
135
From whom did we Filipinos learned the practices of celebrating festivities and holidays?
Spaniards
136
Who enacted the Claveria Decree?
Governor-General Narciso Calveria y Zaldua
137
Decree initiating the Catálogo Alfabetico de Apellidos
Claverio Decree
138
A decree for standardizing names and surnames to improve public record keeping and for easy collection of taxes during Spanish period
Claveria Decree
139
How was the education during Spanish period?
1) it was considered as a status symbol
2) a privilege and not a right
140
A decree during Spanish period that introduced a system of primary education
Educational Decree of 1863
141
First scientist in the Philippines
Fr. Manuel Blanco
142
Considered as the Prince of Botanist who wrote Flora de Filipinas — a book identified 1, 200 kinds of plants in the Philippines
Fr. Manuel Blanco
143
Who controlled the education during Spanish period?
Friars or the Spanish priests
144
Oldest school and the first university in the Philippines
University of Sto. Tomas
145
First college for boys in 1589
College of San Ignacio
146
First college for girls in 1594
College of Santa Potenciana
147
Racial Hierarchy during Spanish period
1) Peninsulares
2) Insulares
3) Tornatras
4) Mestizo de Español
5) Mestizo de Sangley
6) Sangley
7) Indio
148
full-blooded Spaniards born in Spain
Peninsulares
149
full-blooded Spaniards born in the Philippines
Insulares
150
person of mixed Spanish, Chinese and Austronesian (Filipino) descent
Tornatras
151
person of mixed Spanish and Austronesian (Filipino)
Mestizo de Español
152
person of mixed Chinese and Austronesian (Filipino)
Mestizo de Sangley
153
full-blooded Chinese
Sangley
154
full-blooded Austronesian (Filipino)
Indio
155
Middle class Filipinos educated in Europe ex. Jose Rizal
Illustrados
156
The Birth of Filipino Nationalism: Early Resistance to Spanish Rule (Revolt)
1. Lakandula and Sulayman
2. Magalat's Revolt
3. Sumuroy's Rebellion
4. Maniago's Revolt
5. Diego Silang's Revolt
6. Gabriela Silang's Revolt
7. Palaris Revolt
8. Basi Revolt
9. Tamblot's Revolt
10. Bankaw's Revolt
11. Tapar's Revolt
12. Dagohoy's Revol
13. Revolt of Hermano Pule
