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General Education > Readings in Philippine History and Society > Flashcards

Readings in Philippine History and Society Flashcards

1
Q

Theories on the Formation of Philippines

A
  1. Land Bridge Theory
  2. Volcanic Origin
  3. Legend of Mu or Lemuria
  4. Legend of Manaul
  5. Continental Drift Theory
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2
Q

Theorizes that the Philippines was once part of the mainland Asia.

A

Land Bridge Theory

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3
Q

According to Land Bridge Theory, it was a land mass bridging the Asian continent to 1)__________, 2) _______ up to the 3)________.

A
  1. Indonesia
  2. New Guinea
  3. Australian Continent
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4
Q

Theorizes that the land bridges allowed for the migration of humans and animals from Asian mainland to the Philippine archipelago.

A

Land Bridge Theory

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5
Q

Proponent of Volcanic Origin Theory

A

Dr. Bailey Willis

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6
Q

Theorizes that Philippines came into existence after eruptions of volcanoes beneath the Pacific Ocean.

A

Volcanic Origin

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7
Q

The country is situated within this area which is prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

A

Pacific Ring of Fire

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8
Q

Proponent of Legend of Mu or Lemuria Theory

A

James Churchward

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9
Q

According to the Legend of Mu both the Philippines and Indonesia were then part of a Pacific Continent called 1)___ or 2)___.

A
  1. Mu
  2. Lemuria
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10
Q

Theorizes that both the Philippines and Indonesia as part of the Pacific Continent sunk during the prehistoric period.

A

Legend of Mu or Lemuria

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11
Q

Theory influenced by the legend of the lost continent of Atlantis.

A

Legend of Mu or Lemuria

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12
Q

Theory based in Bisaya folklore whom Manaul is the king who guided destinies.

A

Legend of Manaul

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13
Q

In Bisaya folklore, what are the characteristics of Manaul?

A

Manaul is a cunning and resourceful bird who manipulated the gods Kaptan and Magauayan into battle.

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14
Q

In the Legend of Manaul, who is the god of the sky?

A

Kaptan

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15
Q

In the Legend of Manaul, who is the god of the sea?

A

Magauayan

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16
Q

According to this theory, the battle of the gods Kaptan and Magauayan leads to the creation of the land.

A

Legend of Manaul

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17
Q

What is formed after the battle of the god of sky and sea?

A

Panay Islands

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18
Q

Proponent of Continental Drift Theory

A

German meteorologist Alfred Wegener

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19
Q

According to this theory, Philippines along with other continents and landmasses were part of a single supercontinent which eventually broke apart and drifted to their current positions due to movement of tectonic plates.

A

Continental Drift Theory

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20
Q

A single supercontinent

A

Pangea

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21
Q

In Continental Drift Theory, the upper part of the world is called ______.

A

Laurasia

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22
Q

In Continental Drift Theory, the lower part of the world is called ______.

A

Gondwana

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23
Q

In Continental Drift Theory, the Modern world is composed of how many continents?

A

7 Continents

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24
Q

What are the Seven Continents in the world?

A
  1. North America
  2. South America
  3. Europe
  4. Africa
  5. Asia
  6. Australia
  7. Antarctica
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25
Q

Theories on the Peopling of Islands (Philippines).

A
  1. Creation Theory
  2. Migration Theory or Wave Theory
  3. Evolution Theory or Core Population Theory
  4. Sikalak and Sibkahay
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26
Q

Peopling of the Island theory that can be link to a Biblical account. For example in Genesis 1:1-31 (Earth) and Genesis 1:2-4 to 2:25 (Adam and Eve.)

A

Creation Theory

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27
Q

Migration Theory is also called as _______.

A

Wave Theory

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28
Q

Proponent of Wave Theory

A

Henrey Otley Beyer

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29
Q

A hypothesis that the Philippines was populated by different waves of migration from Southeast Asia.

A

Migration Theory or Wave Theory

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30
Q

How many waves of migration occurred during wave theory?

A

4 waves of Migration the DAIM

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31
Q

DAIM means

A
  1. Dawnmen
  2. Aetas and Negritos
  3. Indonesians
  4. Malays
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32
Q

Waves which migrated through land bridges.

A

1st (Dawnmen) and 2nd Waves (Aetas and Negritos)

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33
Q

Waves which migrated through boats or sea.

A

3rd (Indonesians) and 4th Waves (Malays)

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34
Q

Group of waves who are also called “Aborigines.”

A

2nd Wave - Aestas and Negritos

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35
Q

Group of waves who are known for iron age culture.

A

4th wave - Malays

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36
Q

Other term of Evolution Theory

A

Core Population Theory

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37
Q

Proponent of Core Evolution Theory

A

Felipe Landa Jocano

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38
Q

According to Felipe Landa Jocano, what theory suggests an accurate theory to explain how humans came inhabit the Philippines?

A

Evolution Theory of Core Population Theory

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39
Q

Evidence in the Core Population Theory was discovered in _________ in 1962.

A

Tabon Caves in Palawan

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40
Q

The archeologists who found the skullcap of the Tabon Man.

A

1) Robert Fox, and
2) Manual Santiago

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41
Q

In what theory that Tabon Man was found?

A

Evolution Theory or Core Population Theory

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42
Q

Theory whom Sikalak and Sibkahay are found inside a Bamboo plant, who became the first man and woman.

A

Sikalak and Sibkahay

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43
Q

Who stops the fight of Sky and the Sea and discovers Sikalak and Sibkahay?

A

Manaul

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44
Q

Sikalak and Sibkahay are also called _____ and _____.

A

Malakas and Maganda

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45
Q

9 People Who Gave the Archipelago’s Name

A
  1. Early Chinese
  2. 1521 - Ferdinand Magellan
  3. 1543 - Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
  4. 1751 - Fr. Juan J. Delgado
  5. 1896 - Dr. Jose Rizal
  6. American Period - American Government
  7. 1946 - After Independence
  8. 19th Century - Artemio Ricarte
  9. 20th Century - Ferdinand Marcos Sr.
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46
Q

Archipelago’s Name by
Early Chinese Traders

A

Ma-I (Present day Mindoro)

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47
Q

Ma-I in the present-day is _____.

A

Mindoro

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48
Q

Archipelago’s Name by
Ferdinand Magellan (1521)

A

Islas de San Lazaro (Archipelago of St. Lazarus)

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49
Q

Archipelago’s Name by
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos (1543)

A

Filipino or Las Islas Filipinas

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50
Q

Archipelago’s Name by
Fr. Juan J. Delgado (1751)

A

Pearl of the Orient

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51
Q

Archipelago’s Name by
Dr. Jose Rizal (1896)

A

Pearl of the Orient Seas

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52
Q

Archipelago’s Name by
American Government (American Period)

A

Philippine Island

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53
Q

Archipelago’s Name by
After Independence (1946)

A

Republic of the Philippines

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54
Q

Archipelago’s Name by
Artemio Ricarte (19th Century)

A

Rizaline Republic

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55
Q

Archipelago’s Name by
Ferdinand Marcos Sr. (20th Century)

A

Maharlika

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56
Q

What is the pre-colonial government or political unit in the country?

A

Barangay

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57
Q

What is the government system during the pre-colonial period in the country?

A

Chiefdom

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58
Q

Chieftain ruler of the Barangay or in the Muslim community is called ____.

A

Datu or Raja

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59
Q

Barangay system during pre-colonial period where there’s no national leader is called _______.

A

Decentralized

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60
Q

The datu in a barangay exercises what political power?

A
  1. executive
  2. legislative
  3. judicial
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61
Q

A pre-colonial judicial process which entails trial by torture.
EX. Boiling water

A

Trial by Ordeal

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62
Q

Give three practices during pre-colonial period related to economics.

A

Hunting, Gathering, Barter System

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63
Q

What kinds of industries exist during pre-colonial period?

A

ironworking, boatbuilding, pottery, weaving & gold working

64
Q

What kinds of agriculture exist during pre-colonial period?

A

subsistence farming (planting enough for the family) and horticulture (planting and taking care of animals)

65
Q

Pre-colonial style of trade and commerce

A

Foreign (trading w/ early Chinese traders) and Domestic (trading with another barangay)

66
Q

Social class or social ranks during pre-colonial period

A
  1. Datu Class
  2. Maharlika
  3. Timagua (pronounced timawa)
  4. Alipin (uripon among the Visayans)
67
Q

The ruling class during pre-colonial period

A

Datu Class

68
Q

The aristocracy (mayayaman) during pre-colonial period

A

Maharlika

69
Q

The common class during pre-colonial period

A

Timagua

70
Q

The dependent class during pre-colonial period

A

Alipin

71
Q

The social class during pre-colonial period who had “hutang”

A

Alipin

72
Q

Type of Alipin with land rights and owned a house during (pre-colonial)

A

Aliping Namamahay

73
Q

Type of Alipin who came at his master’s call to work on the fields and do other services during (pre-colonial)

A

Aliping Namamahay

74
Q

Type of Alipin who are members of the master’s household and who also ate from theirs master’s pot during (pre-colonial)

A

Aliping Sagigilid

75
Q

Late 16th century manuscript mentioned that only men were qualified for the title of “Datu.” The datus power also depends upon the faithfulness of his followers.

A

Boxer Codex

76
Q

Writing sytem during pre-colonial period

A

Baybayin (if wala sa option, choose Alibata)

77
Q

Oldest writing system in the Philippines

A

Baybayin (if wala sa option, choose Alibata)

78
Q

Describe the education during pre-colonial period

A

1) Informal education - through apprenticeship
2) Domestic chores and practical/occupational honing of skills - hunting & farming
3) Theoritical/moral and spiritual awakening eg. worship, laws and codes

79
Q

The goals of the Europeans for their expansion

A

God, Gold & Glory (3Gs)

80
Q

The Spain colonized the Philippines for how many years

A

333 years

81
Q

He led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe

A

Ferdinand Magellan

82
Q

What is the nationality of Ferdinand Magellan?

A

Portuguese

83
Q

He led the expedition for Spain to Moluccas by sailing west.

A

Ferdinand Magellan

84
Q

Who were the people accompanied Ferdinand Magellan during his expedition?

A

F - Fr. Pedro de Valderama
A - Antonio Pigafetta
D - Duarta De Barbosa
E - Enrique of Malacca

85
Q

Chronicler of Ferdinand Magellan during his expedition

A

Antonio Pigafetta

86
Q

The interpreter of Magellan during his expedition

A

Enrique of Malacca

87
Q

5 Ships of Magellan

A

TRInidad
CONception
SANtiago
SAN Antonio
VICtoria

88
Q

Flagship of Magellan

A

Trinidad

89
Q

First ship to circumnavigate the world

A

Victoria

90
Q

Ship that conceded and returned to Spain

A

San Antonio

91
Q

When did Magellan and co. saw the island of Samar?

A

March 16, 1521

92
Q

Leyte Blood Compact

A

Blood Compact between Ferdinand Magellan and Rajah Kolambu

93
Q

Bohol Blood Compact

A

Blood Compact between Miguel Lopez de Legaspi and Rajah Sikatuna

94
Q

Where did happened the first mass in the Philippines?

A

Limasawa (Mazaua), Leyte

95
Q

When did happened the first mass in the Philippines?

A

March 31, 1521

96
Q

When did Ferdinand Magellan died?

A

April 27, 1521

97
Q

Who killed Magellan?

A

Lapu-Lapu

98
Q

First Filipino Hero

A

Lapu-Lapu

99
Q

First Man to circumnavigate the world

A

Juan Sebastian Elcano (Delcano)

100
Q

Other Spanish Expedition in the Philippines

A

1) Loaysa Expedition by Father Juan Garcia Jofre De Loaysa
2) Cabot Expedition by Sebastian Cabot
3) Saavedra Expedition by Alvari de Sayavedra
4) Villalobos Expedition by Ruy Lopez de Villalobos

101
Q

First Spanish Governer General

A

Miguel Lopez de Legaspi

102
Q

Last Spanish Governer General

A

Diego delos Rios

103
Q

Who established a permanent settlement in the Philippine Island during Hispanization?

A

Miguel Lopez de Legaspi

104
Q

First Spanish settlement established

A

San Miguel or Santissismo Nombre de Jesus (City of the Most Holy Name of Jesus)

105
Q

Oldest City in the Philippines

A

Cebu

106
Q

Who established Manila as capital of the Philippines in 1571

A

Ferdinand Magellan

107
Q

Capital of the Philippines

A

Manila

108
Q

During the Hispanization of the Philippines, the government was ______.

A

Centralized

109
Q

Served as the guide in administration of the country during the Spanish period

A

Royal Decree

110
Q

A plan implemented by Fr. Juan de Plasencia which required the natives to live in the area near the church.

A

Reduccion Plan

111
Q

town centers during Spanish period was called

A

Cabeceras

112
Q

King’s official representative

A

Governor-General

113
Q

Who issues superior decress? (Spanish Period)

A

Governor-General

114
Q

The right of the governor to suspend the operation of Royal decree coming from the King.

A

Cumplase

115
Q

formula in exercising the right to cumplase

A

I obey but do not comply.

116
Q

Commander-in-chief of the armed forces during Spanish period

A

Governor - General

117
Q

Considered as vice royal patron in the Philippines which means that he can appoint minor officials and parish priests (Spanish Period)

A

Governor - General

118
Q

Gubernatorial Powers

A

1) Audiencia Real or Royal Audiencia
2) Residencia
3) Visitador-General

119
Q

Supreme Court and the highest court on the colony during Spanish period

A

Audiencia Real or Royal Audiencia

120
Q

Judicial institution headed with the purpose of punishing those guilty of graft and corruption during Spanish period

A

Residencia (here in the Philippines)

121
Q

Check the behaviour of the high officials in the colony during Spanish period

A

Visitador-General or Visita

122
Q

Type of economic system during Spanish period

A

Monopoly

123
Q

taxation during Spanish period

A

a tribute of 8 reales

124
Q

8 reales tribute (taxation) was replaced by _____ which is based on income for residents 18 years and above

A

Personal Cedula Poll Tax

125
Q

Forced labor during Spanish period

A

Polo y Servicio

126
Q

How many days does men of age 16-60 required to work for the government

A

40 days

127
Q

Forced labor often without daily allowances and with meager food rations

A

Polo y Servicio

128
Q

Source of corruption, involved land grants to deserving Spaniards

A

Encomienda

129
Q

A trade from which products are shipped from MANILA to ACAPULCO, MEXICO, with forced labor involvement.

A

Galleon Trade or Acapulco Trade

130
Q

a payment paid to be exempted from Polo y Servicio

A

Falla

131
Q

Tobacco cultivation and trade which lasted for 100 years

A

Tobacco Monopoly

132
Q

Who starter Tobacco Monopoly?

A

Jose Basco Y. Vargas

133
Q

Greatest legacy of Spain to the Philippines

A

Catholicism

134
Q

Early religious missionaries

A
  1. Augustinians (All)
  2. Franciscans (Farmers)
  3. Jesuits (Jumped)
  4. Dominicans (Down the)
  5. Recollects (River)
  6. Benedictines (Banks)
135
Q

From whom did we Filipinos learned the practices of celebrating festivities and holidays?

A

Spaniards

136
Q

Who enacted the Claveria Decree?

A

Governor-General Narciso Calveria y Zaldua

137
Q

Decree initiating the Catálogo Alfabetico de Apellidos

A

Claverio Decree

138
Q

A decree for standardizing names and surnames to improve public record keeping and for easy collection of taxes during Spanish period

A

Claveria Decree

139
Q

How was the education during Spanish period?

A

1) it was considered as a status symbol
2) a privilege and not a right

140
Q

A decree during Spanish period that introduced a system of primary education

A

Educational Decree of 1863

141
Q

First scientist in the Philippines

A

Fr. Manuel Blanco

142
Q

Considered as the Prince of Botanist who wrote Flora de Filipinas — a book identified 1, 200 kinds of plants in the Philippines

A

Fr. Manuel Blanco

143
Q

Who controlled the education during Spanish period?

A

Friars or the Spanish priests

144
Q

Oldest school and the first university in the Philippines

A

University of Sto. Tomas

145
Q

First college for boys in 1589

A

College of San Ignacio

146
Q

First college for girls in 1594

A

College of Santa Potenciana

147
Q

Racial Hierarchy during Spanish period

A

1) Peninsulares
2) Insulares
3) Tornatras
4) Mestizo de Español
5) Mestizo de Sangley
6) Sangley
7) Indio

148
Q

full-blooded Spaniards born in Spain

A

Peninsulares

149
Q

full-blooded Spaniards born in the Philippines

A

Insulares

150
Q

person of mixed Spanish, Chinese and Austronesian (Filipino) descent

A

Tornatras

151
Q

person of mixed Spanish and Austronesian (Filipino)

A

Mestizo de Español

152
Q

person of mixed Chinese and Austronesian (Filipino)

A

Mestizo de Sangley

153
Q

full-blooded Chinese

A

Sangley

154
Q

full-blooded Austronesian (Filipino)

A

Indio

155
Q

Middle class Filipinos educated in Europe ex. Jose Rizal

A

Illustrados

156
Q

The Birth of Filipino Nationalism: Early Resistance to Spanish Rule (Revolt)

A
  1. Lakandula and Sulayman
  2. Magalat’s Revolt
  3. Sumuroy’s Rebellion
  4. Maniago’s Revolt
  5. Diego Silang’s Revolt
  6. Gabriela Silang’s Revolt
  7. Palaris Revolt
  8. Basi Revolt
  9. Tamblot’s Revolt
  10. Bankaw’s Revolt
  11. Tapar’s Revolt
  12. Dagohoy’s Revol
  13. Revolt of Hermano Pule

General Education (1 decks)

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