Readings in Philippine History Flashcards
What term describes the tendency to pull down or undermine others who are progressing or succeeding, reflecting a lack of unity for the common good?
Crab mentality
Which trait refers to the Filipino tendency to show enthusiasm and high energy at the beginning of an endeavor but quickly losing interest and momentum?
Ningas Cogon
What behavior is associated with the Filipino habit of delaying tasks or decisions until the last minute?
Manana Habit (procrastination)
What term describes the belief that one’s own ethnic or cultural group is superior to others?
Ethnocentric
What term describes the opposite belief, where one does not consider their own ethnic or cultural group as superior to others?
Xenocentric
What method in historical research evaluates the reliability and interpretation of historical documents and narratives based on factors like authorship and context?
Internal criticism - Content
What method in historical research examines the physical characteristics, provenance, and preservation of historical artifacts and documents to assess their reliability and authenticity?
External criticism - Form
What agreement in 1494 divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and Spain along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands (off the west coast of Africa)?
Treaty of Tordesillas
Who were individuals during Spanish colonization of the Philippines who were born in Spain?
Peninsulares
What Spanish term refers to a town or village in the Philippines during the colonial period?
Pueblo
Who led the first Spanish expedition to circumnavigate the globe and is associated with the initial European contact with the Philippines in 1521?
Magellan
What term refers to the educated Filipinos who were part of the local elite during Spanish colonization?
Principalia
What policy during Spanish colonization involved resettling indigenous communities into planned towns or settlements?
Reduccion
What system required indigenous Filipinos to render forced labor for a certain number of days each year under Spanish colonial rule?
Polo y Servicio
What term describes a system of government where friars or clergy hold significant political power and influence?
Frailocracy
What privilege granted by the Spanish crown allowed the governor to engage in trade in the Philippines during the colonial era?
Indulto de Comercio
What term refers to a product tax imposed by Spanish authorities on goods traded or sold in the Philippines?
Bandala
What Spanish term refers to the tribute or taxes imposed on indigenous Filipinos during the colonial period?
Tributo
What agreement, signed in 1494, divided the newly discovered lands between Portugal and Spain along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands?
Treaty of Tordesillas
What was the term for indigenous Filipinos who were compelled to perform forced labor under the Polo y Servicio system?
Polo Worker (Polista)
What was the Spanish term for a trade or market center in the Philippines during the colonial era?
Trade Center (Ayuntamiento)
Who emphasized the importance of faith in understanding God’s nature and teachings?
St. Augustine
Which theologian and philosopher argued that faith and reason are compatible and complement each other?
Thomas Aquinas
In colonial Philippines, what was the highest position attainable by a mestizo (person of mixed Spanish and indigenous descent)?
Gobernadorcillo
What institution in the Philippines during the colonial period served a function similar to the modern Supreme Court?
Supreme Court (Royal Audiencia)
Who engaged in the first blood compact with Ferdinand Magellan during his expedition to the Philippines?
Rajah Kulambo
Which local leader entered into a blood compact with Miguel López de Legazpi in Bohol, marking a significant agreement during Spanish colonization?
Rajah Sikatuna
Who served as the interpreter for Ferdinand Magellan during his expedition to the Philippines?
Enrique of Malacca
Who was the Italian scholar and explorer who chronicled Ferdinand Magellan’s voyage, providing valuable historical accounts?
Antonio Pigafetta
On what date was the first Catholic mass celebrated in the Philippines, specifically on the island of Limasawa?
March 31, 1521
On what date did Ferdinand Magellan arrive in Cebu during his expedition to the Philippines?
April 7, 1521
On what date were Rajah Humabon and his wife baptized into the Catholic faith in Cebu by Ferdinand Magellan?
April 14, 1521
What event occurred on March 31, 1521, during Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition to the Philippines?
To plant the cross
Who was the first explorer to circumnavigate the Earth?
Magellan
Who was the first man to complete a circumnavigation of the Earth after Magellan’s death?
Elcano
Who was the first Filipino representative in the Spanish Cortes?
Ventura delos Reyes
What was the title of the first book published in the Philippines?
A Doctrina Christiana” by Frey Juan de Plasencia
What was the title of the first Filipino book published in the Philippines?
Barlaan at Josaphat” by Frey Antonio de Borja
Who was the first Governor-General during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines?
Legazpi
Who was the first Governor of Manila under American military rule?
Legazpi
Who were the first teachers sent to the Philippines during the American period?
Thomasites/soldiers
What was the title of Jose Rizal’s first poem written in Spanish soil?
Amor Patrio
Who was the first president from Ilocos Norte?
Quirino
Who participated in the first Sanduguan (blood compact) in Bohol?
Legaspi and Sikatuna
What was the title of the first labor union in the Philippines?
Union Democratica by Isabel delos Reyes
Who was the first president of the Royal Audiencia in the Philippines?
General De Vera
Who was the Filipino diplomat known for his efforts during the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine-American War?
Felipe Agoncillo
Who was the first Chief Justice of the Philippines?
Cayetano Arellano
Who was the first Senate President of the Philippines?
Manuel Quezon
Who was the first President of the Katipunan?
Deodato Arellano
Who was the second President of the Katipunan?
Roman Basa
Who was the third President of the Katipunan?
Bonifacio
What is the full name of the oldest town in the Philippines?
Cebu, Ciudad del Santisimo Nombre de Jesus
What is the name of the place where the first Philippine Constitution was ratified?
Malolos
Who participated in the first Sanduguan (blood compact) in the Philippines?
Kulambo and Magellan
What is the name of the oldest existing newspaper in the Philippines?
Manila Bulletin
What is the oldest college and secondary institution in Asia?
Colegio de San Juan de Letran
What is the oldest university in the Philippines?
University of Santo Tomas
Who is known for creating the first paintings in the Philippines?
Damian Domingo
What body appointed the Governor-General during the Spanish colonial period?
Council of Indies
Who was the first Governor-General of the Philippines under Spanish colonial rule?
Miguel López de Legazpi
ho was the last Governor-General of the Philippines under Spanish colonial rule?
Diego de los Ríos
Which Governor-General established the tobacco monopoly in the Philippines?
José Basco
Which Governor-General was responsible for implementing tax collection reforms, conducting a census, and mandating the use of Spanish surnames?
Narciso Clavería
Who was considered the best and most beloved Governor-General of the Philippines?
Carlos María de la Torre
Which Governor-General ordered the execution of the Gomburza (Mariano Gómez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora)?
Rafael de Izquierdo
Which Governor-General ordered the arrest of José Rizal?
Eulogio Despujol
Which Governor-General was responsible for the execution of José Rizal?
Camilo Polavieja
Who declared martial law in eight provinces during the Philippine Revolution?
Blanco (Governor-General)
Who authored “Flora de Filipinas,” a comprehensive book on Philippine flora?
Blanco (Botanist)
Who was the husband of Gregoria de Jesus and the supreme commander of the Katipunan?
Andres Bonifacio
Which Filipino revolutionary leader is known for leading the arm struggle against Spanish rule but was not included among the illustrados?
Andres Bonifacio
Which Filipino leader, known as “The Sublime Paralytic,” played a crucial role in the Philippine Revolution despite his physical disability?
Apolinario Mabini
Who was the founder of the secularization movement in the Philippines, which was continued by Father José Burgos after his death in an earthquake?
Padre Pedro Pelaez
What movement was initiated by Padre Pedro Pelaez and gained momentum after the execution of Gomburza following the Cavite mutiny?
Rise of Nationalism
What organization did José Rizal form in response to the execution of Gomburza, which also led to his arrest?
La Liga Filipina
What revolutionary society was formed by Andres Bonifacio on July 7, 1892, and played a significant role in the Philippine Revolution?
Katipunan
What significant event in the Katipunan led to the rejection of Emilio Aguinaldo’s leadership through the Acta de Tejeros?
Tejeros Convention (March 22, 1897)
What major international power entered the Philippines after the sale of the Katipunan, influencing the course of its revolution?
American Entry
Which member of the triumvirate was known for his work as a journalist and editor of the reformist newspaper “La Solidaridad”?
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Which member of the triumvirate founded “La Solidaridad” and is known for his oratory skills?
Graciano López Jaena
What pseudonyms did Graciano López Jaena use?
Diego Laura
Who is known as the father of Philippine journalism?
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
Who is referred to as the greatest hero of the Malayan race?
José Rizal
What was the name of the Katipunan’s newspaper?
Kalayaan
Who is considered the father of Philippine Masonry?
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
Which publications are associated with Marcelo H. del Pilar?
Diariong Tagalog, Dasalan at Tocsohan
Who is known as the father of Diariong Tagalog?
Pascual Poblete
What revolutionary society was founded on July 7, 1892, by Andres Bonifacio, Deodato Arellano, and Roman Basa?
Katipunan (KKK)
What was the guidebook for the Katipunan?
Kartilya
What were the passwords used for the different membership levels in the Katipunan?
Anak ng Bayan, Kawal, Bayani
What were the three main objectives of the Katipunan
PMC: Political, Moral, Civil
Who was the Katipunero that informed the Spanish authorities about the existence of the Katipunan on August 19, 1896?
Teodoro Patino
What significant event, known as the “Sigaw sa Pugad Lawin,” took place at the house of Melchora Aquino, the mother of the Katipunan?
August 23, 1896
When and where was José Rizal born?
June 19, 1861, calamba, laguna
What is the full name of José Rizal?
José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
Who was José Rizal’s mother?
Teodora Alonso
Who was José Rizal’s father?
Francisco Mercado
From whom did José Rizal first learn Spanish and Latin?
Leon Monroy
Who taught José Rizal painting?
Juancho
What was the name of José Rizal’s horse?
Alipato
Who was the priest that baptized José Rizal?
Rufino Collantes
Who was José Rizal’s godfather?
Pedro Casañas
What did José Rizal consider as his greatest crowning glory at the University of Santo Tomas (UST)?
A La Juventud Filipina
Which of José Rizal’s works was used against him in his trial?
Hymn to Talisay
Which poem did José Rizal write while in Dapitan?
Mi Retiro
What is the Republic Act that mandates the study of José Rizal’s life and works in Philippine schools?
RA 1425
Which book inspired José Rizal to write “El Filibusterismo”?
The Count of Monte Cristo
Who inspired José Rizal to write “Noli Me Tangere”?
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Who helped José Rizal to write and publish “Noli Me Tangere”?
Maximo Viola
Who helped fund the publication of José Rizal’s second novel, “El Filibusterismo”?
Valentin Ventura
Who wrote “Biografía de Rizal”?
Rafael Palma
Who authored “The Great Malayan”?
Carlos Quirino
Who wrote “José Rizal: Life and Times”?
Camilo Osias
Who authored “Life, Works, and Writings of José Rizal”?
Gregorio F. Zaide
Who wrote “The First Filipino: A Biography of José Rizal”?
Leon Ma. Guerrero
What nationalistic essay did José Rizal write in Barcelona, and what does its title mean?
Amor Patrio
Who taught José Rizal wrestling?
Tío Manuel
Who was José Rizal’s first professor at Ateneo?
Fr. José Bech
What course did José Rizal initially pursue at the University of Santo Tomas (UST) as per his father’s wishes?
Philosophy and Letters
What association did Filipino students form in Spain?
Círculo Hispano Filipino
When did José Rizal publish his last article in La Solidaridad, and what was it titled?
November 15, 1895, Little but expensive
What song was played during José Rizal’s execution?
Cádiz March
What was the lottery ticket number that José Rizal won?
9736 > 6200
When was La Solidaridad founded?
February 15, 1889
Where was José Rizal detained before his execution?
Fort Santiago
Where was José Rizal buried after his execution?
Paco Cemetery
youth as hope of the nation
To The Filipino Youth
melancholic poem
Goodbye To Leonor
profess his intense love for his motherland
kundiman
women education
To The Young Women Of Malolos
sad poem of rizal about spanish oppression
They Ask Me For Verses
poem rizal describes the loneliness of being a wanderer as volunteer doctor in cuba
Canto Del Viajero
the essay that defended the laziness of filipino
La Indolencia De Los Filipinos
One Act Play For The Velada - a gala variety program during the principal feast days centering to a character named leonido
Junto al pasig
love for one’s language
Sa Aking Mga Kabata
first published essay
El Amor Patrio
poem that reminds us importance of looking back at our placemof origin
To The Flowers Of Heildelberg
poem that expresses the dignity of labor and love for work
Himno Al Trabajo
El Filibusterismo published in
Ghent Belgium 1891
Noli Me Tangere published in
Berlin 1887
parting dift of rizal to bracken
Imitation Of Christ
Who was Rizal’s first girlfriend, known for their love and subsequent betrayal?
Segunda Katigbak
For whom did Rizal write the poem “A La Señorita”?
Consuelo Ortiga
Who authored the work that describes Jose Rizal as the first to address the Philippines as his fatherland?
Leon Ma. Guerrero
What does the phrase “The intimate alliance between religion and good education means”?
Education without God is not true education
Who was the priest who reported the existence of the Katipunan (KKK)?
Mariano Gil
1st pres of roman republic and was executed because of brigandage act
Macario Sakay
co founder of philippine independent church
Gregorio Aglipay
president of magdalo faction
Baldomero Aguinaldo
president of magdiwang faction
Mariano Alvarez
youngest general of the philippine revolutionary army
Manuel Tinio Y Bundoc
he was the leader of the subsequent valiant attacks in albay towns and was the last general to surrender to the americans
Simeon Ola
What American law during the American period imposed partial free trade with quotas on the Philippines?
Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act
Which American law enacted full free trade policies with the Philippines?
Simmons-Underwood Act
hat law provided for a 10-year transition period towards Philippine independence?
Tydings-McDuffie Law
Who implemented the building of modern public schools throughout the Philippines?
Gabaldon Act
Which act, initially proposed by Osmeña and Roxas, was later replaced by the Tydings-McDuffie Law due to political maneuvering by Quezon?
Hare-Hawes Cutting Act
What act granted Americans rights to Philippine natural resources?
Bell Trade Act
Who was regarded as the bravest general of the Philippines during the American period?
Antonio Luna
Who served as the president of the Katagalugan Republic?
Macario Sakay
What period in Philippine history aimed for equal wealth distribution among Filipino citizens?
Commonwealth
Which period in Philippine history is considered the golden age of Philippine literature?
Japanese
Which rivers are associated with the Fertile Crescent and Mesopotamia, specifically Sumeria?
Tigris and Euphrates
Name the two major rivers in China that are integral to its ancient civilization.
Huang He (Yellow River) and Yangtze River
What river is central to the ancient civilization of Egypt?
Nile River
Which river is significant to the ancient civilization of India, particularly the Harappan civilization?
Indus River
Which sea lies between Greece and Asia Minor, playing a crucial role in the development of ancient Greek civilization?
Aegean Sea
What form of writing was used in ancient Mesopotamia, specifically associated with Sumeria?
Cuneiform
What is the ancient script used in China, known for its intricate characters?
one Script or Hanzi
What is the ancient Egyptian writing system characterized by pictorial symbols?
Hieroglyphics
What is the script used in the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, which remains undeciphered?
Indus Script
What script was used by Mycenaean Greeks, primarily for administrative purposes?
Linear B
What is the oldest existing religion in Asia, originating in the Indian subcontinent?
Hinduism
What is defined as an area of land, sea, or space that belongs to or is connected to a specific country, subject to sovereignty, rights, and interests?
Territory
Led by dead people
Necrocracy
Led by people based on merit
Meritocracy
Aristocracy
Led by elites
Led by a selected few
Oligarchy
Led by a single ruler with no government
Monarchy
System where the legislative and executive are intertwined
arliamentary
System with no private property, often associated with China
Communism/China
Which term describes a system where advancement is based on talent and effort
Meritocracy
which term refers to the power of the state to impose financial obligations on its citizens or residents?
Taxation
Tax rate increases as income increases
Progressive tax
Tax rate remains constant regardless of income level
Proportional tax
Tax rate decreases as income increases
Regressive tax
Which tax is imposed on the heirs of inherited property?
Inheritance Tax
What type of tax is levied on practicing professionals based on their income?
Income Tax
Which tax is commonly known as the “cedula” tax, imposed on individuals for community purposes?
Community Tax
What type of tax is applied to imports and is often calculated based on the value of the goods?
Tariff (or Import Tariff)
What is the name of the tax imposed on luxurious imports and is calculated as a percentage of the item’s value?
Ad Valorem Tax
Which tax is specifically imposed on imported liquors and cigarettes?
Sin Tax
What tax is paid by businesses on their profits?
Corporate Tax
Which tax is imposed on the owners of real estate properties?
Real Estate Tax (or Property Tax)
What tax is paid by sellers on the profit earned from the sale of assets such as stocks or real estate?
Capital Gains Tax
What principle grants certain powers to the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government to balance and check each other?
Checks and Balances
What guarantee, given by the constitution, allows certain units of government to manage their finances independently?
Fiscal Autonomy
Which term describes sharing experiences within a community, emphasizing close-knit social relationships?
Gemeinschaft
Which term refers to the provision of services within society, often focusing on impersonal relationships and formal institutions?
Gesellschaft
What term describes the fair market value paid by the government when acquiring private land through eminent domain?
Just Compensation
Which legal remedy protects the rights to life, liberty, and security against threats or violations?
Writ of Amparo
What Latin phrase translates to “show me the body” and is used to challenge unlawful detention?
Writ of Habeas Corpus
Which legal instrument grants individuals the right to access and correct personal information held by government agencies or corporations?
Writ of Habeas Data
Which writ ensures the right to a clean and healthy environment by addressing environmental threats or violations?
Writ of Kalikasan
What is the fundamental law of the land, setting out the basic principles, structures, and rights of a country?
Constitution
Which rights are considered inherent and fundamental to every human being, including the rights to family, love, and life?
Natural Rights
Which rights are specifically outlined in the Bill of Rights of the Philippine Constitution, safeguarding freedoms and protections?
Constitutional Rights
Which rights pertain to the individual’s freedoms from government interference, ensuring personal liberty and equality?
Civil Rights
What rights empower citizens to participate in governance, including the right to run for office and to vote?
Political Rights
What document in the Philippine Constitution enumerates and declares the basic human rights and freedoms of Filipino citizens?
Bill of Rights
Which rights are established and defined by laws passed by Congress?
Statutory Rights
Which principle grants citizenship based on the place of birth, regardless of the citizenship status of the parents?
Jus Soli (By Place)
Which principle grants citizenship based on the citizenship of one’s parents, regardless of the place of birth?
Jus Sanguinis (By Blood)
What term refers to the right of citizens to vote in public elections?
Suffrage
What is the smallest administrative division where voters cast their ballots during elections?
Election Precinct
What term describes the revocation or deprivation of the right to vote?
Disenfranchise
What process allows citizens to choose their representatives and government officials?
Election
In the Philippines, on what date do regular elections typically occur?
Second Monday of May
What term describes a direct vote by the people on a proposed change to the constitution?
Plebiscite
What is the process where citizens approve or reject a law passed by the government?
Referendum
What allows citizens to propose new laws or amendments directly?
Answer:
Initiative
What process allows voters to remove a public official from office before the end of their term?
Recall
Ombudsman:
What is the Filipino term for the government official who investigates complaints against public officials and agencies?
Tanodbayan (Ombudsman)
Which social science studies how people allocate scarce resources for production, distribution, and consumption?
Economics
What term describes an increase in the value of goods, services, or assets over time?
Appreciation
What term describes a decrease in the value of goods, services, or assets over time?
Depreciation
Which economic term refers to a situation where the supply of a good or service exceeds demand?
Surplus
Which economic term describes a situation where demand for a good or service exceeds its supply?
Shortage
What term refers to the sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy?
Inflation
What term refers to the sustained decrease in the general price level of goods and services in an economy?
Deflation
What term describes an extremely rapid and uncontrollable increase in prices in an economy?
Hyperinflation
This Latin phrase means “all other things being equal” or “holding other variables constant.”
Ceteris Paribus
This international convention focuses on sustainable development and environmental protection.
Rio de Janeiro Convention
The National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) nurtures Philippine arts and culture.
NCCA
This economic system emphasizes private ownership, entrepreneurship, and free markets.
Modern Capitalism
This economic policy, prevalent in the 16th century, emphasizes national wealth through trade and accumulation of gold and silver.
Mercantilism
This Latin term signifies the state’s role as a paternal and protective figure over its citizens.
Parents Patriae
This principle advocates for fair treatment and distribution of resources, giving preferential attention to less fortunate members of society.
Social Justice
He popularized the idea that “the people are the primary movers of history” and wrote “Veneration Without Understanding.”
Renato Constantino
He revolutionized Philippine historiography with a positivist approach to writing history.
Teodoro Agoncillo
He was a prominent Filipino diplomat known for his efforts during the Philippine Revolution and subsequent diplomatic missions.
Felipe Agoncillo
He was a notable Filipino historian known as the dean of Philippine historiographers.
Gregorio Zaide
His book “Pasyon and Revolution” marked a turning point in Philippine historical writing by exploring the role of popular culture in shaping history.
Reynaldo Ileto
His writings often explore Filipino-American culture as a central theme, notably in his work “Scent of Apples.”
Bienvenido Santos
This field depends on primary sources, such as documents and testimonies, to study past events and phenomena.
Historical Research
This essay by Jose Rizal, published in “La Solidaridad,” explores the future of the Philippines under colonial rule.
The Philippines a Century Hence
She emphasized the importance of conscious experience in historical analysis and interpretation.
Milagros Guerrero
This book by Reynaldo Ileto explores how Philippine revolutionary consciousness was influenced by popular religious practices.
Pasyon and Revolutio
Who argued the importance of defining terms before engaging in discourse?
Socrates
Which book by Thomas De Comyn provides a historical account of the Philippines in 1810?
Estado de las Islas Filipinas en 1810
What is the title of the book by Vicente Rafael that examines the dynamics of colonialism?
Contracting Colonialism
What term refers to the theory and history of historical writing?
Historiography
there are no tyrants where there are no Slaves
Jose Rizal
Which Filipino trait involves judging by results, regardless of your relation to the people involved?
Personalism
Which island in the Philippines is considered the second largest?
Mindanao
Which country is famous for its iron and steel industry?
China
What is the power of the court to interpret the constitution and declare legislative or executive acts invalid called?
Judicial Review
Which Greek philosopher emphasized the individual’s attainment of excellence through rhetoric, grammar, music, and mathematics?
The Sophist
Which ancient Greek philosopher wrote about the ideal state in his work “Republic”?
Plato
Who engaged in question-and-answer dialogues to arrive at truths, according to Socratic methods?
Socrates
Which island did US troops land on when they recaptured the Philippines from the Japanese?
Leyte
Which country did the Philippines extend historical contacts with through the Galleon Trade from 1565-1865?
Mexico
Who is known as the “Father of Sociology”?
Auguste Compte
Which Spanish conquistador conquered the Inca Empire?
Pizzaro
What is the term for the lowest form of learning observed in animals?
Conditioning
What was the purpose of the Blood Compact in Bohol?
Peace agreement
Who authored “El Verdadero Decalogo,” which outlines principles of conduct during the revolution?
Apolinario Mabini
What does “Carinosa” refer to in Filipino culture?
An affectionate dance associated with Filipino women
What is the term for the policy of racial segregation in South Africa?
Apartheid
La Independencia
antonio luna
Fray Botod
- jaena
Ninay
pedro praterno
Biblioteca Filipina
pardo de tavera
Titulado “Presidente” De La Republica
bonifacio
Daguhoy
longest revolt
March 22, 1897
first philippine election
Tejeros convention
Which Philippine president is known for leading the country during World War II and establishing the Second Philippine Republic?
Jose P. Laurel
Who was the Philippine president known for his leadership during the Martial Law era and for initiating infrastructure projects under the New Society Movement?
Ferdinand Marcos
Which president is credited with restoring democracy in the Philippines after the Martial Law period?
Corazon Aquino
Who was the Philippine president known for implementing the “Strong Republic” vision, improving infrastructure through the “Build, Build, Build” program, and fighting corruption?
duterte
Which president is recognized for his efforts in improving governance and transparency, as well as for his anti-corruption campaign under the “Daang Matuwid” platform?
Benigno Aquino III
Which Philippine president is known for declaring Philippine independence from American rule in 1946?
Manuel Roxas
Who was the president known for initiating the “Filipino First Policy” and leading the country during the period of reconstruction after World War II?
Carlos P. Garcia
Which president is credited with implementing the “Bagong Lipunan” (New Society) reforms and declaring Martial Law in 1972?
Ferdinand Marcos
Who was the first female president of the Philippines and known for her role in the People Power Revolution in 1986?
Corazon Aquino
Which president is known for his economic reforms under the “Philippines 2000” program and for his role in the peaceful transfer of power in 1998?
Fidel V. Ramos
Who is the president known for his advocacy in social justice, poverty alleviation programs, and the promotion of peace negotiations with various rebel groups?
duterte
Which Philippine president is known for his “Clean and Green” program and his initiatives in environmental conservation?
Fidel V. Ramos
Who was the president known for his advocacy for Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs)
Corazon C. Aquino
Which Philippine president was known for establishing the Social Security Commission and implementing the First Ilocano President?
Elpidio Quirino
Which Philippine president is often referred to as a “puppet president”?
Jose P. Laurel
Who served the shortest time as Philippine president and was the first Speaker of the Philippine Assembly?
Sergio Osmeña
Which president initiated the Filipino First policy and the Filipino austerity program?
Carlos P. Garcia
Which president is known for changing the Philippine Independence Day from July 4 to June 12 and introducing the “Sertipiko sa Filipino”?
Diosdado Macapagal
Who was known for his advocacy of “Those who have less in life, should have more in law” and was referred to as the “Man of the Masses”?
Ramon Magsaysay
Which president was known as the “Father of the Masses”?
Joseph Estrada
Who issued the first “Ores” and is considered the first president of the Philippines?
Emilio Aguinaldo
Which president is known as the “Father of Justice” and initiated the National Land Settlement Administration (NLSA)?
Manuel L. Quezon
Who implemented the “No Wang-Wang Policy”?
Benigno Aquino III
Which president apologized to the people of the Philippines, saying “People of the Philippines, I’m sorry”?
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
law lowered the retention limit to 75 hectares
Diosdado Macapagal
Which president was the first majority president under the 1997 Constitution and is known for the slogan “I will make this country great again”?
Ferdinand Marcos (BBM refers to Bongbong Marcos)
Who is referred to as the “Father of Democracy”?
Andres Bonifacio
Which president established RA No. 34, which regulated share-tenancy contracts and established the 70-30 sharing arrangements?
Manuel Roxas
