Readings in Philippine History Flashcards
What term describes the tendency to pull down or undermine others who are progressing or succeeding, reflecting a lack of unity for the common good?
Crab mentality
Which trait refers to the Filipino tendency to show enthusiasm and high energy at the beginning of an endeavor but quickly losing interest and momentum?
Ningas Cogon
What behavior is associated with the Filipino habit of delaying tasks or decisions until the last minute?
Manana Habit (procrastination)
What term describes the belief that one’s own ethnic or cultural group is superior to others?
Ethnocentric
What term describes the opposite belief, where one does not consider their own ethnic or cultural group as superior to others?
Xenocentric
What method in historical research evaluates the reliability and interpretation of historical documents and narratives based on factors like authorship and context?
Internal criticism - Content
What method in historical research examines the physical characteristics, provenance, and preservation of historical artifacts and documents to assess their reliability and authenticity?
External criticism - Form
What agreement in 1494 divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and Spain along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands (off the west coast of Africa)?
Treaty of Tordesillas
Who were individuals during Spanish colonization of the Philippines who were born in Spain?
Peninsulares
What Spanish term refers to a town or village in the Philippines during the colonial period?
Pueblo
Who led the first Spanish expedition to circumnavigate the globe and is associated with the initial European contact with the Philippines in 1521?
Magellan
What term refers to the educated Filipinos who were part of the local elite during Spanish colonization?
Principalia
What policy during Spanish colonization involved resettling indigenous communities into planned towns or settlements?
Reduccion
What system required indigenous Filipinos to render forced labor for a certain number of days each year under Spanish colonial rule?
Polo y Servicio
What term describes a system of government where friars or clergy hold significant political power and influence?
Frailocracy
What privilege granted by the Spanish crown allowed the governor to engage in trade in the Philippines during the colonial era?
Indulto de Comercio
What term refers to a product tax imposed by Spanish authorities on goods traded or sold in the Philippines?
Bandala
What Spanish term refers to the tribute or taxes imposed on indigenous Filipinos during the colonial period?
Tributo
What agreement, signed in 1494, divided the newly discovered lands between Portugal and Spain along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands?
Treaty of Tordesillas
What was the term for indigenous Filipinos who were compelled to perform forced labor under the Polo y Servicio system?
Polo Worker (Polista)
What was the Spanish term for a trade or market center in the Philippines during the colonial era?
Trade Center (Ayuntamiento)
Who emphasized the importance of faith in understanding God’s nature and teachings?
St. Augustine
Which theologian and philosopher argued that faith and reason are compatible and complement each other?
Thomas Aquinas
In colonial Philippines, what was the highest position attainable by a mestizo (person of mixed Spanish and indigenous descent)?
Gobernadorcillo
What institution in the Philippines during the colonial period served a function similar to the modern Supreme Court?
Supreme Court (Royal Audiencia)
Who engaged in the first blood compact with Ferdinand Magellan during his expedition to the Philippines?
Rajah Kulambo
Which local leader entered into a blood compact with Miguel López de Legazpi in Bohol, marking a significant agreement during Spanish colonization?
Rajah Sikatuna
Who served as the interpreter for Ferdinand Magellan during his expedition to the Philippines?
Enrique of Malacca
Who was the Italian scholar and explorer who chronicled Ferdinand Magellan’s voyage, providing valuable historical accounts?
Antonio Pigafetta
On what date was the first Catholic mass celebrated in the Philippines, specifically on the island of Limasawa?
March 31, 1521
On what date did Ferdinand Magellan arrive in Cebu during his expedition to the Philippines?
April 7, 1521
On what date were Rajah Humabon and his wife baptized into the Catholic faith in Cebu by Ferdinand Magellan?
April 14, 1521
What event occurred on March 31, 1521, during Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition to the Philippines?
To plant the cross
Who was the first explorer to circumnavigate the Earth?
Magellan
Who was the first man to complete a circumnavigation of the Earth after Magellan’s death?
Elcano
Who was the first Filipino representative in the Spanish Cortes?
Ventura delos Reyes
What was the title of the first book published in the Philippines?
A Doctrina Christiana” by Frey Juan de Plasencia
What was the title of the first Filipino book published in the Philippines?
Barlaan at Josaphat” by Frey Antonio de Borja
Who was the first Governor-General during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines?
Legazpi
Who was the first Governor of Manila under American military rule?
Legazpi
Who were the first teachers sent to the Philippines during the American period?
Thomasites/soldiers
What was the title of Jose Rizal’s first poem written in Spanish soil?
Amor Patrio
Who was the first president from Ilocos Norte?
Quirino
Who participated in the first Sanduguan (blood compact) in Bohol?
Legaspi and Sikatuna
What was the title of the first labor union in the Philippines?
Union Democratica by Isabel delos Reyes
Who was the first president of the Royal Audiencia in the Philippines?
General De Vera
Who was the Filipino diplomat known for his efforts during the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine-American War?
Felipe Agoncillo
Who was the first Chief Justice of the Philippines?
Cayetano Arellano
Who was the first Senate President of the Philippines?
Manuel Quezon
Who was the first President of the Katipunan?
Deodato Arellano
Who was the second President of the Katipunan?
Roman Basa
Who was the third President of the Katipunan?
Bonifacio
What is the full name of the oldest town in the Philippines?
Cebu, Ciudad del Santisimo Nombre de Jesus
What is the name of the place where the first Philippine Constitution was ratified?
Malolos
Who participated in the first Sanduguan (blood compact) in the Philippines?
Kulambo and Magellan
What is the name of the oldest existing newspaper in the Philippines?
Manila Bulletin
What is the oldest college and secondary institution in Asia?
Colegio de San Juan de Letran
What is the oldest university in the Philippines?
University of Santo Tomas
Who is known for creating the first paintings in the Philippines?
Damian Domingo
What body appointed the Governor-General during the Spanish colonial period?
Council of Indies
Who was the first Governor-General of the Philippines under Spanish colonial rule?
Miguel López de Legazpi
ho was the last Governor-General of the Philippines under Spanish colonial rule?
Diego de los Ríos
Which Governor-General established the tobacco monopoly in the Philippines?
José Basco
Which Governor-General was responsible for implementing tax collection reforms, conducting a census, and mandating the use of Spanish surnames?
Narciso Clavería
Who was considered the best and most beloved Governor-General of the Philippines?
Carlos María de la Torre
Which Governor-General ordered the execution of the Gomburza (Mariano Gómez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora)?
Rafael de Izquierdo
Which Governor-General ordered the arrest of José Rizal?
Eulogio Despujol
Which Governor-General was responsible for the execution of José Rizal?
Camilo Polavieja
Who declared martial law in eight provinces during the Philippine Revolution?
Blanco (Governor-General)
Who authored “Flora de Filipinas,” a comprehensive book on Philippine flora?
Blanco (Botanist)
Who was the husband of Gregoria de Jesus and the supreme commander of the Katipunan?
Andres Bonifacio
Which Filipino revolutionary leader is known for leading the arm struggle against Spanish rule but was not included among the illustrados?
Andres Bonifacio
Which Filipino leader, known as “The Sublime Paralytic,” played a crucial role in the Philippine Revolution despite his physical disability?
Apolinario Mabini
Who was the founder of the secularization movement in the Philippines, which was continued by Father José Burgos after his death in an earthquake?
Padre Pedro Pelaez
What movement was initiated by Padre Pedro Pelaez and gained momentum after the execution of Gomburza following the Cavite mutiny?
Rise of Nationalism
What organization did José Rizal form in response to the execution of Gomburza, which also led to his arrest?
La Liga Filipina
What revolutionary society was formed by Andres Bonifacio on July 7, 1892, and played a significant role in the Philippine Revolution?
Katipunan
What significant event in the Katipunan led to the rejection of Emilio Aguinaldo’s leadership through the Acta de Tejeros?
Tejeros Convention (March 22, 1897)
What major international power entered the Philippines after the sale of the Katipunan, influencing the course of its revolution?
American Entry
Which member of the triumvirate was known for his work as a journalist and editor of the reformist newspaper “La Solidaridad”?
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Which member of the triumvirate founded “La Solidaridad” and is known for his oratory skills?
Graciano López Jaena
What pseudonyms did Graciano López Jaena use?
Diego Laura
Who is known as the father of Philippine journalism?
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
Who is referred to as the greatest hero of the Malayan race?
José Rizal
What was the name of the Katipunan’s newspaper?
Kalayaan
Who is considered the father of Philippine Masonry?
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
Which publications are associated with Marcelo H. del Pilar?
Diariong Tagalog, Dasalan at Tocsohan
Who is known as the father of Diariong Tagalog?
Pascual Poblete
What revolutionary society was founded on July 7, 1892, by Andres Bonifacio, Deodato Arellano, and Roman Basa?
Katipunan (KKK)
What was the guidebook for the Katipunan?
Kartilya
What were the passwords used for the different membership levels in the Katipunan?
Anak ng Bayan, Kawal, Bayani
What were the three main objectives of the Katipunan
PMC: Political, Moral, Civil
Who was the Katipunero that informed the Spanish authorities about the existence of the Katipunan on August 19, 1896?
Teodoro Patino
What significant event, known as the “Sigaw sa Pugad Lawin,” took place at the house of Melchora Aquino, the mother of the Katipunan?
August 23, 1896
When and where was José Rizal born?
June 19, 1861, calamba, laguna
What is the full name of José Rizal?
José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
Who was José Rizal’s mother?
Teodora Alonso
Who was José Rizal’s father?
Francisco Mercado
From whom did José Rizal first learn Spanish and Latin?
Leon Monroy
Who taught José Rizal painting?
Juancho
What was the name of José Rizal’s horse?
Alipato
Who was the priest that baptized José Rizal?
Rufino Collantes
Who was José Rizal’s godfather?
Pedro Casañas
What did José Rizal consider as his greatest crowning glory at the University of Santo Tomas (UST)?
A La Juventud Filipina
Which of José Rizal’s works was used against him in his trial?
Hymn to Talisay
Which poem did José Rizal write while in Dapitan?
Mi Retiro
What is the Republic Act that mandates the study of José Rizal’s life and works in Philippine schools?
RA 1425
Which book inspired José Rizal to write “El Filibusterismo”?
The Count of Monte Cristo
Who inspired José Rizal to write “Noli Me Tangere”?
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Who helped José Rizal to write and publish “Noli Me Tangere”?
Maximo Viola
Who helped fund the publication of José Rizal’s second novel, “El Filibusterismo”?
Valentin Ventura
Who wrote “Biografía de Rizal”?
Rafael Palma
Who authored “The Great Malayan”?
Carlos Quirino
Who wrote “José Rizal: Life and Times”?
Camilo Osias
Who authored “Life, Works, and Writings of José Rizal”?
Gregorio F. Zaide
Who wrote “The First Filipino: A Biography of José Rizal”?
Leon Ma. Guerrero
What nationalistic essay did José Rizal write in Barcelona, and what does its title mean?
Amor Patrio
Who taught José Rizal wrestling?
Tío Manuel
Who was José Rizal’s first professor at Ateneo?
Fr. José Bech
What course did José Rizal initially pursue at the University of Santo Tomas (UST) as per his father’s wishes?
Philosophy and Letters
What association did Filipino students form in Spain?
Círculo Hispano Filipino
When did José Rizal publish his last article in La Solidaridad, and what was it titled?
November 15, 1895, Little but expensive
