Readings (8, 9, 10, 11)

Question 1

What is acculturation and what are the four strategies associated with it? (Hint: Ass So Massive, I)
2 main factors that influence acculturation?

Answer 1

Mutual changes in both migrants and host society as the result of interaction. It may involve cultural learning or a compromise from one or both groups to find common ground for relating to each other. In practice, most changes occur in the nondominant group or the group with “weak vitality”

1. Assimilation (give up personal culture)
2. Separation (loss of host culture)
3. Marginalization (loss of host and personal culture due to discrimination)
4. Intergration (ideal outcome of acculturation, voluntary)

State policies and acculturation orientation of host society (pluralist, civic: plural + state policy of nonintervention, assimilationist, ethnic: assimilatory + state intervention)

Question 2

What is the immigrant identity development model?

Answer 2

1. compliance
2. conflict
3. defiance
4. introspection and accommodation
5. adaptation and integration

Question 3

What is the multiphase model of psychotherapy for immigrants?

Answer 3

1. Mental health education
2. Therapy intervention
3. Cultural empowerment
4. integration of healing strategies from home and host countries
5. Social justice and human rights

Question 4

What is the trauma systems therapy approach recommended by Benson et al. (2018) for work with refugees? What are the four tiers?

Answer 4

TST-R is an innovative, trauma-­informed multi-­tiered approach to mental health prevention and intervention with refugee children and their families

community engagement
school-­based groups
clinical services focussed on regulating trauma responses, and
clinical services focussed on safety of clients struggling with emotions or behaviours that may be dangerous to themselves or others

Question 5

True or false
Aid provided in refugee camps can create dependency, which can result in a lack of self-worth and negative effects on mental health and well-being

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Why are creative arts particularly impactful for work with refugees?

Answer 6

the use of creative arts with refugees is an effective way of not only bridging the language gap but also creating a means for expressing culture and trauma, with the added benefit of helping refugees practise social interactions in a new language. The creative arts have been shown to be extremely effective in healing trauma (France, 2020)

Question 7

What qualities does the author (Teklu) identify as being especially helpful when working with people with disabilities?

Answer 7

Genuineness
Unconditional positive regard
Empathic understanding
Acceptance

Question 8

Beecher et al., 2004 identifies important themes to consider when working with people with disabilities, an you name some?

Answer 8

Therapeutic alliance
Learned helplessness
Lack of consistency
Lack of validation
Lack of accountability
Unrealistic goals and the inability to compensate as before
Lack of resources

Question 9

What is the concept of familismo in relation to Hispanic community? What is the concept of respect?

Answer 9

the habit of extending kinship relationships beyond nuclear-­family boundaries and emphasizing interdependence over-dependence, affiliation over confrontation and cooperation over competition

governs all positive reciprocal interpersonal relationships, dictating appropriate deferential behavior toward others on the basis of age, socioeconomic position, gender and authority

Question 10

What are some therapies that can be helpful when working with Hispanic clients?

Answer 10

Adlerian
Family systems
Cognitive behavioural

Question 11

What is the three-dimensional model of counselling?

Answer 11

The model consists of three elements or variables (dimensions) that exist in a continuum and need to be considered when working with minorities:

1. The goal of the counselling situation (preventive/remedial)

2. The etiology of the problem (internal/external)

3. The client’s level of acculturation (low/high)