READING & WRITING Flashcards
It is a process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning?
READING
The READING Process?
Pre-Reading, While-Reading, & Post-Reading
You have to draw your background knowledge just by looking at the title. It also aims to induce the readers motivation to read?
Pre-Reading
You may reread the text until you fully understand its meaning?
While-Reading
Check your understanding of the text?
Post-Reading
Aims to locate specific information or main ideas in a very short span of time?
Rapid Reading
Trying to get the general idea by reading through the text quickly. It is the type of quick reading which aims to get an overview of the material?
Skimming
This involves the identification of the central message of a reading selection?
Locating the Main Idea
It is a quick reading strategy which aims to get a specific information from a given text?
Scanning
Looking over your reading material in order to become familiar with its content before you actually begin reading it?
Previewing
Involves the understanding of ideas and facts that are directly stated in the printed material?
Literal Reading
Known as “reading between the lines”. It refers to the process of deducing facts and ideas not directly expressed in the text?
Inferential Reading
Refers to the close and thorough evaluation of the claims in the text in terms of relevance, validity, and logic?
Critical Reading
A systematic instruction which aims to develop the students’ reading skills?
Developmental Reading
A more passive type of reading that primarily aims to provide enjoyment and entertainment?
Pleasure Reading
Designed to help students learn basic functional reading?
Functional Reading
Is a supplemental reading program that consists of re- reading unfamiliar text until a satisfactory level of fluency is reached?
Remedial Reading
Is the scientific study of a language?
Linguistics
What are the 7 Language Structure?
Letters, Words, Phrases, Clauses, Sentences, Discourses, Texts.
I a unit larger than sentences. It has a structural pattern that holds more meaning than a sentence?
Discourse
Instances of language means it is not consisted of language?
NonLinguistic
Instances of language is what people do in conversation or in writing that gives an understanding or meaning to a particular topic?
NonSpecific
Is made of signs and symbols systematized by grammar and organized logical language to properly present the intended message?
TEXT
This is the intended interconnectedness of sentences to convey meaning?
Structural Cohesion
Text is referred to as written discourse. It is the physical manifestation of discourse, which is a process of interaction and interpretation of language in a context?
TEXT as CONNECTED DISCOURSE
Is the act of coming up with ideas. It is commonly done by a team, but it can also be creatively used by an individual, especially when writing?
Brainstorming
Visualizes word associations. It creates a map where strongly associated words are placed close together?
Word Storm
Is a visual representation that shows the organization and relationships of information?
Graphic Organizer
Is a diagram that depicts suggested relationships between concepts?
Concept Map
Shows the hierarchical relationship between major concepts?
Main Idea & Details Chart
It represents a flow or set of dynamic relationships?
Flow Diagram
It shows all possible logical relations between finite collection of different sets?
Venn Diagram
A graphic production that determine the elements of the cycle?
Cycle Diagram
It is about the manner or technique in which we express our thoughts and ideas in writing?
Pattern of Development
Describes what, when, and where something happened?
Narration
Details what something looks like and its characteristics?
Description
Explains what something is in comparison to other members of its class along with any limitations?
Definition
Provides typical cases or examples of something?
Exemplification
Groups items into their parts or types?
Classification & Division
Pattern organizes details based on the cause, the reason, and the result or consequences of a certain phenomenon?
Cause & Effect
Pattern organizes ideas into problems and proposed solutions?
Problem-Solution
Pattern organizes ideas based on how events, places, people, things and concepts are similar to or different from one another?
Comparison & Contrast
Pattern ideas to show how a set of evidence leads to a logical conclusion or argument?
Persuasion
Is the logical arrangement of thoughts and ideas in a written text?
Organization
Is a type of organizational pattern which follows an order based on time, procedure, or spatial?
Sequence
3 Types of Sequence
Chronological, Procedural, & Spatial
The sequence is in a timely order?
Chronological
The sequence follows a specific procedure. It can be recipes or directions.
Procedural
The sequence is a description of the environment in the text and it is stated in a way that makes readers imagine it?
Spatial
A text pattern starting from a larger main topic down to various sub topics?
Topical Pattern
A text pattern organized by putting the second most important topic in the beginning and placing the most important topic at the end of the text?
Climatic Order
A text starts by describing a general topic, then moving down to describing specific examples of the general topic?
General to Specific or Vice Versa
Text starts by describing simple terms which are essential in understanding a more complex one. This style is good for describing a complicated topic?
Simplest to Most Complex
A texts starts by describing familiar terms and concepts to help introduce concepts which are less familiar to readers?
Most Familiar to Less Familiar
Discusses one point at a time. It is usually used on long essays like comparative analysis of two articles, short stories, or novels?
Point by Point Approach
Is organized in such a way that all points are discussed first with the first subject, then compare and contrast each point with the second subject respectively?
Black Approach
Are established conventions in writing for a particular genre or field of study. It is considered as the technical part of a written text?
Mechanics
These are the words and phrases that serve as clues to the meaning of an unfamiliar words or expressions in a given discourse?
Contextual Clues
Is the Study of Words?
Etymology
The analysis or the study of roots, prefixes, and suffixes is called _______ ?
Structural Analysis
Is the body or basic structure of the word?
Root
It refers to two or more distinct concepts “sharing the same name”?
HOMONYM
Is a secret action; Expression of opinions or actions carried put deliberately by groups or individuals to influence the actions or opinions of others for planed purposes?
Propaganda Devices
People can be persuaded to reject ideas, organizations, or persons and they know nothing about by the use of a name that may carry a negative connotation?
Name Calling
This creates an association between a person, product, or ideas and something good and respected and which people already feel strongly about?
Transfer
Uses snob appeal and desire for admiration. It quotes or pictures famous or beautiful people or important organizations recommending or supporting an idea, product, or person?
Testimonial
An effort is made to win the public confidence on the basis that a person’s ideas and morals are good because he/she belongs to common people and lives like them?
Plain Folks
When the public is earth’s to follow the crowd and accept propagandists ideas leadership. No reason or logic is used?
BANDWAGON
This is an educational method that rewards behavior we want repeated. This can be in form of praises, rewards, or medals?
Positive Reinforcement
A person tries to use false excuses to justify his/her actions?
RATINALIZATION
