Reading Vocab

Question 1

conception (n)

Answer 1

= understanding. belief

Question 2

advent (n)

Answer 2

the time when something first begins to be widely used.

Question 3

coordinate (v)

Answer 3

organize

Question 4

communal activity

Answer 4

shared activity

Question 5

regulate (v)

Answer 5

control

Question 6

wax and wane

Answer 6

to increase then decrease in strength, importance, etc. over a period of time.

e.g. Public interest in the issue has waxed and waned over the years.

Question 7

conspicuous (adj) /kənˈspɪkjuəs/

Answer 7

easy to see or notice; likely to attract attention.

e.g. Its yellow skin makes it highly conspicuous.

Question 8

clime (n)

Answer 8

a country with a particular kind of climate

Question 9

formulate (v)

Answer 9

to create or prepare something carefully, giving particular attention to the details.

e.g. products that are specially formulated for safe use on leather.

Question 10

municipal (adj)

Answer 10

connected with or belonging to a town, city or district that has its own local government

Question 11

disseminate (v)

Answer 11

spread, publish, distribute

Question 12

drip (v) out

Answer 12

drop, leak

Question 13

denote (v)

Answer 13

indicate

Question 14

inscribe (v)

Answer 14

to write or cut words, your name, etc. onto something.

e.g. His name was inscribed on the trophy.

Question 15

scheme (n)

Answer 15

plan

Question 16

supersede (v) [often passive] /suːpəˈsiːd/

Answer 16

to take the place of something/somebody that is considered to be old-fashioned or no longer the best available.

e.g. The theory has been superseded by more recent research.

Question 17

commence (v)

Answer 17

= start

Question 18

revolutionary (adj)

Answer 18

involving a great or complete change.

e.g. a revolutionary idea
e.g. a time of rapid and revolutionary change
e.g. revolutionary advances in medicine
e.g. The effects of technological development are revolutionary.
e.g. At the time this idea was revolutionary.

Question 19

congested (adj)

Answer 19

full of traffic

Question 20

procedure (n)

Answer 20

a way of doing something, especially the usual or correct way

e.g. procedure for (doing) something: The procedure for logging on to the network involves a password.
e.g. under a procedure: Any complaint has to be investigated under our complaints procedure.
e.g. according to a procedure: All experiments were performed according to standard procedures.

Question 21

rudimentary (adj) /ruːdɪˈmentri/

Answer 21

= basic

Question 22

vicinity (n)

Answer 22

the area around a particular place

e.g. There is no hospital in the immediate vicinity.

Question 23

purely (adv)

Answer 23

only; completely

e.g. The charity is run on a purely voluntary basis.
e.g. She took the job purely and simply for the money.

Question 24

metropolitan (adj) /metrəˈpɒlɪtən/

Answer 24

connected with a large or capital city

Question 25

fortuitous (adj) /fɔːˈtjuːɪtəs/

Answer 25

happening by chance, especially a lucky chance that brings a good result

e.g. His success depended on a fortuitous combination of circumstances.

Question 26

margin of error

Answer 26

sai số

Question 27

bring/put something into effect

Answer 27

to cause something to come into use

e.g. The recommendations will soon be put into effect.

Question 28

virtually (adv)

Answer 28

almost or very nearly, so that any slight difference is not important

e.g. to be virtually impossible
e.g. Virtually all students will be exempt from the tax.
e.g. He virtually admitted he was guilty.
This year’s results are virtually the same as last year’s.

Question 29

blanket (v)

Answer 29

to cover something completely with a thick layer

e.g. The ground was soon blanketed with snow.

Question 30

bind (v) - bound - bound

Answer 30

to force somebody to do something by making them promise to do it or by making it their duty to do it
e.g. bind somebody (to something): He had been bound to secrecy (= made to promise not to tell people about something).
e.g. bind somebody to do something: The agreement binds her to repay the debt within six months.

Question 31

impose the restriction

Answer 31

đưa ra lệnh cấm

Question 32

afford (v)

Answer 32

provide somebody with something

e.g. The legislation aims to afford protection to employees.
e.g. Being a college professor affords you the opportunity simply to write and do research.

Question 33

reliance (n)

Answer 33

dependence

e.g. Such learning methods encourage too great a reliance upon the teacher.
e.g. The study programme concentrates more on group work and places less reliance on (= depends less on) lectures.

Question 34

necessitate (v) /nəˈsesɪteɪt/

Answer 34

to make something necessary

e.g. Recent financial scandals have necessitated changes in parliamentary procedures.
e.g. Increased traffic necessitated widening the road.
e.g. His new job necessitated him/his getting up at six.

Question 35

devise (v)

Answer 35

to invent something new or a new way of doing something

e.g. A new system has been devised to control traffic in the city.
e.g. specially devised tests

Question 36

designate (v) /ˈdezɪɡneɪt/

Answer 36

to describe somebody/something in a particular way

e.g. be designated (as) something: This area has been designated (as) a National Park.
e.g. The school has been designated a specialist science academy.
e.g. be designated (as being/having something): Several pupils were designated as having moderate or severe learning difficulties.
e.g. a designated nature reserve
e.g. designated seats for the elderly

Question 37

realm (n) /relm/

Answer 37

an area of activity, interest or knowledge

e.g. in the realm of something in the realm of literature
e.g. At the end of the speech he seemed to be moving into the realms of fantasy.

Question 38

encompass (v) /ɪnˈkʌmpəs/

Answer 38

to include a large number or range of things

e.g. The job encompasses a wide range of responsibilities.
e.g. The group encompasses all ages.

Question 39

govern (v)

Answer 39

to control or influence somebody/something or how something happens, functions, etc.

e.g. We need changes in the law governing school attendance.
e.g. Prices are governed by market demand.
e.g. All his decisions have been entirely governed by self-interest.

Question 40

spark (v)

Answer 40

to cause something to start or develop, especially suddenly

e.g. spark something: The proposal would spark a storm of protest around the country.
e.g. Winds brought down power lines, sparking a fire.
e.g. The organizers are hoping to spark some interest in young people.
e.g. spark something off: The riots were sparked off by the arrest of a local leader.

Question 41

derision (n)

Answer 41

sự chế giễu

e.g. Her speech was greeted with howls of derision.
e.g. He became an object of universal derision.

Question 42

implication (n)

Answer 42

a possible effect or result of an action or a decision

e.g. The research has far-reaching implications for medicine as a whole.

something that is suggested or indirectly stated (= something that is implied)

e.g. The implication in his article is that being a housewife is greatly inferior to every other occupation.

Question 43

on the brink of collapse

Answer 43

trên bờ vực sụp đổ

Question 44

definitive (adj) /dɪˈfɪnətɪv/

Answer 44

final; not able to be changed

e.g. Clearly, this study can not provide a definitive answer.

[usually before noun] considered to be the best of its kind and almost impossible to improve

e.g. the definitive biography of Einstein
e.g. the definitive guide to the golf courses of Europe

Question 45

concur (v) /kənˈkɜː(r)/

Answer 45

to agree

e.g. concur (with somebody) (in something): Historians have concurred with each other in this view.
e.g. concur with something: The coroner concurred with this assessment.
e.g. concur that…: Scientists generally concur that climate change is a reality.

Question 46

faint (adj)

Answer 46

that cannot be clearly seen, heard or smelt

e.g. a faint glow/glimmer/light
e.g. a faint smell of perfume
e.g. We saw the faint outline of the mountain through the mist.

[not before noun] feeling weak and tired and likely to become unconscious
e.g. She suddenly felt faint.
e.g. The walkers were faint from hunger.

Question 47

swamp (v)

Answer 47

tràn ngập

e.g. swamp somebody/something with something: The department was swamped with job applications.
e.g. swamp somebody/something: In summer visitors swamp the island.

Question 48

sit in soft reclining chairs in a sealed room

Answer 48

ngồi trên những chiếc ghế ngả mềm trong một căn phòng kín

Question 49

flaw (n)

Answer 49

a mistake in something that means that it is not correct or does not work correctly

e.g. The argument is full of fundamental flaws.

e.g. There is still a basic flaw in your selection procedure.

Question 50

plausible (adj)

Answer 50

reasonable and likely to be true

e.g. There was no way the story could be made to sound even remotely plausible.

Question 51

esoteric (adj) /iːsəˈterɪk/

Answer 51

​likely to be understood or enjoyed by only a few people with a special knowledge or interest

e.g. a programme of music for everyone, even those with the most esoteric taste
e.g. Specialist dictionaries may be required to understand some of the more esoteric texts.

Question 52

entanglement (n) [U]

Answer 52

a difficult or complicated relationship with another person or country

e.g. emotional/political entanglements
e.g. This affair did not prevent an entanglement with another of his co-stars.

Question 53

prompt (v)

Answer 53

to make somebody decide to do something; to cause something to happen

e.g. prompt something: The discovery of the bomb prompted an increase in security.
e.g. His speech prompted an angry outburst from a man in the crowd.
e.g. prompt somebody to do something: The thought of her daughter’s wedding day prompted her to lose some weight.

Question 54

probe (v)

Answer 54

to ask questions in order to find out secret or hidden information about somebody/something

e.g. probe (into something): He didn’t like the media probing into his past.
e.g. probe something: a TV programme that probed government scandals in the 1990s.

Question 55

molten (adj)

Answer 55

​(of metal, rock or glass) heated to a very high temperature so that it becomes liquid

e.g. molten lead

Question 56

harden (v) [intransitive, transitive]

Answer 56

to become or make something become solid or stiff

e.g. The varnish takes a few hours to harden.
e.g. harden something: a method for hardening and preserving wood

Question 57

harden (v) somebody/something/yourself [transitive]

Answer 57

to make somebody less kind or less affected by extreme situations

e.g. They were hardened criminals (= they showed no regret for their crimes).
e.g. In this job you have to harden your heart to pain and suffering.
e.g. Life has hardened me.
e.g. I need to harden myself against disappointment.

Question 58

unblemished (adj)

Answer 58

not spoiled, damaged or marked in any way

e.g. He had an unblemished reputation.
e.g. her pale unblemished skin
e.g. The team had a previously unblemished record (= they had not lost any games).

Question 59

tinted (adj)

Answer 59

having a small amount of colour added
e.g. tinted glasses
e.g. tinted windows/lenses

Question 60

refine (v)

Answer 60

to make a substance pure by taking other substances out of it

e.g. The process of refining oil produces several useful chemicals.
e.g. supplies of the highly refined white sugar

Question 61

furnace (n)

Answer 61

lò lửa

Question 62

mar (v)

Answer 62

to damage something or make something less good or successful

e.g. The game was marred by the behaviour of drunken fans.
e.g. Sadly, the text is marred by careless errors.
e.g. It was a really nice day, marred only by a little argument in the car on the way home.
e.g. I hope the fact that Louise isn’t coming won’t mar your enjoyment of the evening.

Question 63

inspection (n)

Answer 63

the act of looking closely at something/somebody, especially to check that everything is as it should be (= examination)

Question 64

grain (n)

Answer 64

[countable] (used especially in negative sentences): a very small amount

e.g. There isn’t a grain of truth in those rumours.
e.g. If he had a grain of sensitivity he wouldn’t have asked her about her divorce.

Question 65

tremor (n)

Answer 65

a slight shaking movement in a part of your body caused, for example, by cold or fear

e.g. There was a slight tremor in his voice.
e.g. She felt a tremor of fear run through her.

Question 66

ripple (n)

Answer 66

a small wave on the surface of a liquid, especially water in a lake, etc.

e.g. The air was so still that there was hardly a ripple on the pond’s surface.
e.g. He watched the ripples spread across the pool.

Question 67

[usually singular] ripple of something

Answer 67

a sound that gradually becomes louder and then quieter again
e.g. a ripple of applause/laughter
e.g. His remarks sent a ripple of laughter through the audience. (một tràng cười)

Question 68

[usually singular] ripple of something

Answer 68

a feeling that gradually spreads through a person or group of people
e.g. A ripple of fear passed through him.
e.g. The announcement sent a ripple of excitement through the crowd.

Question 69

unaided (adj, adv)

Answer 69

(formal) without help from anyone or anything

e.g. Did she produce this work unaided?
e.g. He can now walk unaided.
e.g. Photographs can show things invisible to the unaided eye.

Question 70

steer something + adv./prep.

Answer 70

to take control of a situation and influence the way in which it develops

e.g. He managed to steer the conversation away from his divorce.
e.g. She steered the team to victory.
e.g. Schools no longer steer girls towards arts subjects.

Question 71

climatic shift

Answer 71

biến đổi khí hậu

Question 72

embark (v) on sth

Answer 72

= start sth

Question 73

as opposed to sth

Answer 73

compared to sth

Question 74

at the mercy of sth

Answer 74

phó mặc cho điều gì

e.g. Humanity has been at the mercy of climate change.

Question 75

stock-raising

Answer 75

chăn nuôi gia súc

Question 76

famine (n)

Answer 76

nạn đói

Question 77

unprecedented (adj)

Answer 77

​that has never happened, been done or been known before

e.g. The situation is unprecedented in modern times.
e.g. There were unprecedented scenes of violence in the city’s main square.

Question 78

see-saw (v) [intransitive]

Answer 78

see-saw (from A to B) to keep changing from one situation, opinion, emotion, etc. to another and back again

e.g. Her emotions see-sawed from anger to fear.
e.g. Share prices see-sawed all day.

Question 79

abruptly (adv)

Answer 79

= suddenly and unexpectedly

Question 79

heatwave (n)

Answer 79

a period of unusually hot weather

e.g. They said on the news the heatwave is going to continue for weeks.

Question 80

uniform (adj)

Answer 80

not changing or different in any way (thống nhất)

e.g. A proposed new framework has been widely praised for providing a uniform approach to the problem of waste disposal.
e.g. Trying to impose a uniform system in all the countries affected has proved very problematic.
e.g. uniform policies/procedures/standards

Question 81

perish (v)

Answer 81

to die, especially in a sudden violent way

e.g. A family of four perished in the fire.
e.g. Thousands perished at the hands of the invading forces.

Question 82

culminate (v) (in/with something)

Answer 82

to end with a particular result, or at a particular point
e.g. a gun battle which culminated in the death of two police officers
e.g. Months of hard work culminated in success.
e.g. Their summer tour will culminate at a spectacular concert in London.

Question 83

commodity (n)

Answer 83

(formal) a thing that is useful or has a useful quality

e.g. Water is a precious commodity that is often taken for granted in the West.
e.g. Time is a very valuable commodity.

Question 84

fodder (n)/ˈfɒdə(r)/

Answer 84

1. food for horses and farm animals
2. (often after a noun) people or things that are considered to have only one use

e.g. Without education, these children will end up as factory fodder (= only able to work in a factory).
e.g. He regarded lists of rules, regulations and procedures as dustbin fodder (= only fit to be thrown away).

Question 85

clearance (n) [1]

Answer 85

[countable, uncountable] the process of removing things that are not wanted

e.g. forest clearances
e.g. slum clearance (= the process of removing houses that are in very bad condition in an area of a town)
e.g. Landscape gardeners have begun a clearance of the overgrown ground to make way for a new park.
e.g. a clearance sale (= in a shop, when goods are sold cheaply to get rid of them quickly)

Question 86

clearance (n) [2]

Answer 86

[uncountable, countable] the amount of space or distance that is needed between two objects so that they do not touch each other

e.g. There is not much clearance for vehicles passing under this bridge.

Question 87

clearance (n) [3]

Answer 87

[uncountable, countable] official permission that is given to somebody before they can work somewhere, have particular information, or do something they want to do

I’m waiting for clearance from headquarters.

Question 87

trigger (v) sth

Answer 87

to make something happen suddenly

e.g. Her case triggered a wave of support around the world.
e.g. Even the smell of oranges can trigger her migraine.

Question 87

proliferate (v) [intrans]

Answer 87

to increase rapidly in number or amount

e.g. Books and articles on the subject have proliferated over the last year.
e.g. Time passed and animal life proliferated.

Question 88

soar (v) = rocket

Answer 88

if the value, amount or level of something soars, it rises very quickly

e.g. soaring costs/prices/temperatures
e.g. Air pollution will soon soar above safety levels.
e.g. Inflation has soared from 5 per cent to 15 per cent.

Question 89

steep (adj)

Answer 89

1. (of a slope, hill, etc.) rising or falling quickly, not gradually

e.g. a steep hill/slope
e.g. The path grew steeper as we climbed higher.

2. [usually before noun] (of a rise or fall in an amount) sudden and very big

e.g. a steep decline in the birth rate
e.g. a steep rise in unemployment

3. (informal) (of a price or demand) too much; unreasonable

e.g. £4 for a cup of coffee seems a little steep to me.

Question 90

regime (n) /reɪˈʒiːm/

Answer 90

a method or system of organizing or managing something

e.g. Our tax regime is one of the most favourable in Europe.
e.g. a financial regime imposed by the government

Question 91

olfaction (n)

Answer 91

khứu giác

Question 92

odour (n) /ˈəʊdə(r)/

Answer 92

a smell, especially one that is unpleasant

→ body odour

Question 93

aroma (n) /əˈrəʊmə/

Answer 93

a pleasant smell that is easy to notice

e.g. the aroma of fresh coffee
e.g. A delicious aroma was coming from the kitchen.

Question 94

faculty (n) of/for (doing) something

Answer 94

/ˈfæklti/ (formal) a particular ability for doing something

e.g. the faculty of understanding complex issues
e.g. He had a faculty for seeing his own mistakes.
e.g. our faculty for picking up speech even in noisy environments

Question 95

impair (v) sth

Answer 95

to damage something or make something worse

e.g. His age impaired his chances of finding a new job.
e.g. Even one drink can impair driving performance.
e.g. There are a number of factors which can directly impair memory.
e.g. a defect that significantly impairs the safety of a car

Question 96

foul (adj)

Answer 96

/faʊl/ dirty and smelling bad

Question 97

grimace (v) (at somebody/something)

Answer 97

/ˈɡrɪməs/ nhăn nhó
/ɡrɪˈmeɪs/

e.g. He grimaced slightly at the pain.
e.g. She grimaced in disgust.
e.g. He grimaced at the bitter taste of the medicine.

Question 98

fragrant (adj)

Answer 98

/ˈfreɪɡrənt/ having a pleasant smell

e.g. The air was fragrant with scents from the sea and the hills.

Question 99

social bonding

Answer 99

social connection

Question 100

register (v)

Answer 100

[transitive, no passive, intransitive]
to notice something and remember it; to be noticed

e.g. Slowly, my mind began to register where I was: in the hospital.

Question 101

feeble (adj)

Answer 101

1. ​very weak
   e.g. He looked feeble and confused.
2. not effective; not showing energy or effort
   e.g. a feeble argument/excuse/joke
   e.g. She made a feeble attempt to explain what had happened.

Question 102

elusive (adj)

Answer 102

/ɪˈluːsɪv/ difficult to find, define or achieve

e.g. A solution to the problem of toxic waste is proving elusive.
e.g. He was searching for the ever elusive ‘perfect job’.
e.g. Sleep was strangely elusive.

Question 103

inevitably (adv)

Answer 103

/ɪnˈevɪtəbli/ as is certain to happen

e.g. Inevitably, the press exaggerated the story.

Question 104

intimate (adj)

Answer 104

/ˈɪntɪmət/ ​(of a link between things) very close

e.g. an intimate connection between class and educational success

Question 105

interiorize (v)

Answer 105

to accept or absorb an idea, opinion, belief, etc. so that it becomes part of your character

e.g. The Mayan speakers have interiorized the abstract spatial dimensions of their language.

Question 106

fury (n) /ˈfjʊəri/

Answer 106

[uncountable] extreme anger that often includes violent behaviour

= rage

e.g. Her eyes blazed with fury.

Question 107

inflict (v)

Answer 107

to make somebody/something suffer something unpleasant

e.g. They surveyed the damage inflicted by the storm.
e.g. inflict something on/upon somebody/something: They inflicted a humiliating defeat on the home team. (Họ đã gây ra một thất bại nhục nhã cho đội chủ nhà.)

Question 108

leisurely (adv)

Answer 108

/ˈleʒəli/
/ˈliːʒərli/

= gradually, slowly

Question 109

dice with death

Answer 109

to do something extremely dangerous and silly:

e.g. You’re dicing with death driving at that speed on icy roads.
e.g. He regularly diced with death in his attempt to get the perfect picture.

Question 110

lightning bolt

Answer 110

tia sét, tia chớp

Question 111

neutralize (v)

Answer 111

to stop something from having any effect (vô hiệu hóa)

e.g. The latest figures should neutralize the fears of inflation.

Question 112

braved the elements

Answer 112

go out in bad weather

e.g. Over a thousand people braved the elements to attend the march.
e.g. Are we going to brave the elements and go for a walk?

Question 113

discharge (v)

Answer 113

= release, send out

e.g. The factory was fined for discharging chemicals into the river.

Question 114

bear up (against/under something)

Answer 114

to remain as cheerful as possible during a difficult time

e.g. He’s bearing up well under the strain of losing his job.

Question 115

brew (up) /bruː/ (v)

Answer 115

if something unpleasant is brewing or brewing up, it seems likely to happen soon

e.g. Trouble has been brewing for some time now.
e.g. A storm was brewing up out at sea.

Question 116

stumbling block (n)

Answer 116

stumbling block (to something) | stumbling block (to doing something): something that causes problems and prevents you from achieving your aim

e.g. Money could prove a stumbling block to the project.

Question 117

nifty (adj)

Answer 117

good, pleasing, or effective:

e.g. What a nifty little gadget – you can use it for all kinds of things.

Question 118

in the offing

Answer 118

​(informal) likely to appear or happen soon

e.g. I hear there are more staff changes in the offing.

Question 119

forthcoming (adj) /fɔːθˈkʌmɪŋ/

Answer 119

[only before noun] going to happen, be published, etc. very soon

e.g. the forthcoming elections
e.g. a list of forthcoming books

Question 120

avalanche (n) /ˈævəlɑːnʃ/

Answer 120

too many things that arrive or happen at the same time

e.g. We were swamped by an avalanche of letters/phone calls/complaints.

e.g. The issue has generated an avalanche of controversy.

Question 121

have something at your fingertips

Answer 121

biết rõ như lòng bàn tay

e.g. I made sure I had all the facts at my fingertips before attending the meeting.

Question 122

mighty (adj)

Answer 122

very strong and powerful

Question 123

meteorology (n)

Answer 123

khí tượng học

Question 124

confront (v) /kənˈfrʌnt/

Answer 124

to deal with a problem or difficult situation

e.g. She knew that she had to confront her fears.

Question 125

menace (n) /ˈmenəs/

Answer 125

threat, danger, risk

e.g. the menace posed by car fumes

Question 126

prodigy (n) /ˈprɒdədʒi/

Answer 126

a young person whose intelligence or skill is unusually good for their age

e.g. a child/an infant prodigy
e.g. a musical prodigy
e.g. Mozart was an infant prodigy, composing music at the age of four.

Question 127

cult (n)

Answer 127

[usually singular] cult (of something): a way of life, an attitude, an idea, etc. that has become very popular

e.g. the cult of physical fitness
e.g. the cult of youth

Question 128

divinity (n)

Answer 128

sự thần thánh hóa

Question 129

paterfamilias (n) /peɪtəfəˈmɪliæs/

Answer 129

sự gia trưởng

Question 130

perpetuate (v) /pəˈpetʃueɪt/

Answer 130

to make something such as a bad situation, a belief, etc. continue for a long time

e.g. perpetuate something: Comics tend to perpetuate the myth that ‘boys don’t cry’.
e.g. perpetuate itself: This system perpetuated itself for several centuries.
e.g. Schools tend to perpetuate the myth that boys are better at science than girls.

Question 131

attribute (n) /ˈætrɪbjuːt/

Answer 131

a quality or feature of somebody/something

e.g. Patience is one of the most important attributes in a teacher.
e.g. He lists the ten most important attributes of a good school.
e.g. In modern society, the positive attributes of age are often ignored.

Question 132

derive from something | be derived from something

Answer 132

to come or develop from something

e.g. This income was derived directly from his writing.
e.g. Wealth and position in society derived largely from land ownership.

Question 133

folk (adj)

Answer 133

dân gian

e.g. a dance that originated in English folk tradition
e.g. She had an interest in the folk customs of ancient societies.
e.g. Such ideas are common in folk psychology.
e.g. People in these rural areas often rely on folk healers rather than physicians.

Question 134

ambivalent (adj) (about/towards somebody/something)

/æmˈbɪvələnt/

Answer 134

having or showing both positive and negative feelings about somebody/something

e.g. She seems to feel ambivalent about her new job.
e.g. She is deeply ambivalent about her feelings for him.

Question 135

distrust / mistrust (v)

Answer 135

Distrust is more common and perhaps slightly stronger. If you are sure that someone is acting dishonestly or cannot be relied on, you are more likely to say that you distrust them.

If you are expressing doubts and suspicions, on the other hand, you would probably use mistrust.

Question 136

defective (adj) /dɪˈfektɪv/

Answer 136

having a fault or faults; not perfect or complete

e.g. If the goods are defective you should get a full refund.

Question 137

intellectual (n) /ɪntəˈlektʃuəl/

Answer 137

a person who is well educated

e.g. Many intellectuals and even ordinary citizens feel ashamed of what has happened in our country.

Question 138

burn out | burn yourself/somebody out

Answer 138

to become extremely tired or sick by working too hard over a period of time; to make somebody do this

e.g. If he doesn’t stop working so hard, he’ll burn himself out.
e.g. By the age of 25 she was completely burned out and retired from the sport

Question 139

eccentric (adj) /ɪkˈsentrɪk/

Answer 139

weird, strange

e.g. She was the classic eccentric old lady, living with a houseful of cats.

Question 140

adversity (n)

Answer 140

a difficult or unpleasant situation

e.g. He overcame many personal adversities.

Question 141

highbrow (adj) /ˈhaɪbraʊ/

Answer 141

interested in serious artistic or cultural ideas

e.g. highbrow newspapers
e.g. highbrow readers
e.g. The journal is aimed at a highbrow readership.

Question 142

lowbrow (adj) /ˈləʊbraʊ/

Answer 142

having no connection with or interest in serious artistic or cultural ideas

e.g. lowbrow newspapers
e.g. He has very lowbrow tastes.

Question 143

denigration (n) /denɪˈɡreɪʃn/

Answer 143

​unfair criticism of somebody/something; the act of saying that somebody/something does not have any value or is not important (sự chê bai, sự phủ nhận)

e.g. The changes in education have resulted in the general denigration of the teaching role.

Question 144

weakling (n) /ˈwiːklɪŋ/

Answer 144

a person who is not physically strong

e.g. Exercise can turn a weakling into a big, tough guy.

Question 145

anecdote (n) /ˈænɪkdəʊt/

Answer 145

giai thoại

e.g. amusing anecdotes about his brief career as an actor
e.g. The book is a rich store of anecdote.

Question 146

apparent (adj) /əˈpærənt/

Answer 146

obvious; easy to see or understand

e.g. Then, for no apparent reason, the train suddenly stopped.
e.g. It’s readily apparent that she has a gift for this kind of writing.

Question 147

collate (v) /kəˈleɪt/

Answer 147

to collect information together from different sources in order to examine and compare it

e.g. to collate data/information/figures

Question 148

take account of something | take something into account

Answer 148

to consider particular facts, circumstances, etc. when making a decision about something

e.g. The company takes account of environmental issues wherever possible.
e.g. Coursework is taken into account as well as exam results.

Question 149

infant mortality

Answer 149

[uncountable] the death of children under the age of one year

e.g. the decline of infant mortality in the 20th century
e.g. the infant mortality rate

Question 150

life expectancy

Answer 150

tuổi thọ

e.g. Life expectancy for both men and women has improved greatly in the past 20 years.
e.g. Women have a longer life expectancy than men.
e.g. The life expectancy of a large bus is about 15 years.
e.g. Japanese people have a very high life expectancy.

Question 151

nobility (n) /nəʊˈbɪləti/

Answer 151

quý tộc

Question 152

corporal punishment

Answer 152

[uncountable] hình phạt về thể xác (đánh đập)

Question 153

privileged (adj)

Answer 153

có đặc quyền

e.g. Those in authority were in a privileged position.

Question 154

stand out (phrasal verb)

Answer 154

to be much better or more important than somebody/something

e.g. Four points stand out as being more important than the rest.

Question 155

vantage point (n)

Answer 155

a point in time or a situation from which you consider something, especially the past

e.g. From the vantage point of the present, the war seems to have achieved nothing.

Question 156

continuum (n) /kənˈtɪnjuəm/

Answer 156

a series of similar items

Question 157

mundane (adj) /mʌnˈdeɪn/

Answer 157

not interesting or exciting

e.g. a mundane task/job

Question 158

mediocre (adj) /miːdiˈəʊkə(r)/

Answer 158

xoàng, bình thường

e.g. a mediocre musician/talent/performance
e.g. They have replaced a great leader with a mediocre one.

Question 159

nurture (v) /ˈnɜːtʃə(r)/

Answer 159

to help somebody/something to develop and be successful (=foster)

e.g. t’s important to nurture a good working relationship.
e.g. Her teacher recognized and nurtured her musical talent from an early age.

Question 160

pour something into something

Answer 160

to provide a large amount of money for something

e.g. The government has poured a lot of money into the education system.

Question 161

marvel (v)

Answer 161

marvel (at something) | marvel that… | + speech: to be very surprised or impressed by something

e.g. Aiden couldn’t help but marvel at the simplicity of the plan.

Question 162

manifestation (of something) (n)

Answer 162

a sign of something existing or happening

e.g. She claimed that the rise in unemployment was just a further manifestation of the government’s incompetence.

Question 163

superior (adj) /suːˈpɪəriə(r)/

Answer 163

better in quality than somebody/something else; greater than somebody/something else

e.g. superior intelligence
e.g. superior to somebody/something: This model is technically superior to its competitors.

Question 164

hard-won (adj)

Answer 164

[usually before noun] If something is hard-won, it was only achieved after a lot of effort

e.g. a hard-won battle
e.g. She was not going to give up her hard-won freedom so easily.

Question 165

commonplace (adj)

Answer 165

done very often, or existing in many places, and therefore not unusual

e.g. Such actions were regarded as commonplace during the war.
e.g. These ideas are commonplace among teenagers.
e.g. It is commonplace for soldiers to get very little sleep.
e.g. She made things that are now quite commonplace but at the time seemed really exotic.

Question 166

outrageous (adj) /aʊtˈreɪdʒəs/

Answer 166

very unusual and intended to shock people slightly

e.g. She says the most outrageous things sometimes.
e.g. outrageous clothes

Question 167

supremacy (n) /suˈpreməsi/

Answer 167

[uncountable] a position in which you have more power, authority or status than anyone else

e.g. the battle for supremacy in the region
e.g. supremacy over somebody/something: The company has established total supremacy over its rivals.

Question 168

outstrip (v) /aʊtˈstrɪp/

Answer 168

to be or become greater than something or someone in amount, degree, or success

e.g. Their latest computer outstrips all its rivals.
e.g. Car dealers worry that demand will outstrip their supply.
e.g. Group sales were up 6% to $5.8 billion, outstripping Wall Street expectations of $5.47 billion.
e.g. A high proportion of manufacturing businesses in Western Europe have now been outstipped by foreign competition.

Question 169

emulate (v) /ˈemjuleɪt/ (formal)

Answer 169

(formal) to try to do something as well as somebody else

e.g. She hopes to emulate her sister’s sporting achievements.
e.g. They hope to emulate the success of other software companies.
e.g. Officials are looking to emulate successful ideas from other cities.

Question 170

unpalatable (adj) /ʌnˈpælətəbl/

Answer 170

1. unpalatable (to somebody) (of facts, ideas, etc.) unpleasant and not easy to accept

e.g. Only then did I learn the unpalatable truth. (sự thật phũ phàng)

2. unpalatable (to somebody) not pleasant to taste
   e.g. unpalatable food
   e.g. The insects store this chemical in their bodies in order to make themselves unpalatable to predators.

Question 171

perseverance (n) /pɜːsəˈvɪərəns/

Answer 171

[uncountable] sự kiên nhẫn

e.g. They showed great perseverance in the face of difficulty.
e.g. The only way to improve is through hard work and dogged perseverance.

Question 172

single-mindedness (n)

Answer 172

[uncountable] sự quyết tâm

e.g. You have to admire his energy and single-mindedness.

Question 172

integrity (n) /ɪnˈteɡrəti/

Answer 172

[uncountable] the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles

e.g. She behaved with absolute integrity.
e.g. Her photography had great artistic integrity.

Question 173

substance (n) /ˈsʌbstəns/

Answer 173

1. [uncountable] the quality of being based on facts or the truth (sự vững chắc)

e.g. There is some substance in what he says.

2. [uncountable] the most important or main part of something (tính cốt lõi, tính thực chất)

e.g. the substance of something: Love and guilt form the substance of his new book.
e.g. The real substance of the report was in the third part.

Question 174

delude (v) /dɪˈluːd/

Answer 174

to make somebody believe something that is not true

e.g. delude yourself He’s deluding himself if he thinks it’s going to be easy.
e.g. delude somebody/yourself into doing something: Don’t be deluded into thinking that we are out of danger yet.
e.g. delude yourself that… She had been deluding herself that he loved her.

Question 175

lifespan (n)

Answer 175

vòng đời, tuổi thọ, thời gian sống

e.g. Worms have a lifespan of a few months.

Question 176

living organism /ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/

Answer 176

sinh vật sống nhỏ bé

Question 177

course (n) of sth

Answer 177

the way something develops or should develop

e.g. course of something This was an event that changed the course of history.
e.g. The unexpected course of events aroused considerable alarm.
e.g. during the course of something: She repeatedly raised the issue during the course of the campaign.

Question 178

wear somebody/something down

Answer 178

to make somebody/something weaker or less determined, especially by continuously attacking or putting pressure on them or it over a period of time

e.g. This relentless pressure began to wear down their resistance.

Question 179

thermodynamic (n)

Answer 179

nhiệt động học

Question 180

inexorable (adj) /ɪnˈeksərəbl/

Answer 180

(of a process) that cannot be stopped or changed

SYNONYM: relentless
e.g. the inexorable rise of crime

Question 181

dynamic (n) /daɪˈnæmɪk/

Answer 181

(of a process, relationship or system) always changing and making progress

e.g. The business has managed to change and remain dynamic.
e.g. These countries are characterized by highly dynamic economies.

Question 182

permanent (adj) /ˈpɜːmənənt/

Answer 182

​lasting for a long time or for all time in the future; existing all the time

e.g. She was unable to find a permanent job.
e.g. She doesn’t intend to make London her permanent home.

Question 183

equilibrium (n) /iːkwɪˈlɪbriəm/

Answer 183

[uncountable, singular]

1. ​a state of balance, especially between different forces or influences

e.g. Any disturbance to the body’s state of equilibrium can produce stress.
e.g. We have achieved an equilibrium in the economy.

2. a calm state of mind and a balance of emotions

e.g. He sat down to try and recover his equilibrium.

Question 184

molecule (n)

Answer 184

phân tử

Question 185

inevitable (adj) /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/

Answer 185

= unavoidable

Question 186

mechanism (n) /ˈmekənɪzəm/

Answer 186

a method or a system for achieving something

e.g. mechanisms for dealing with complaints from the general public
e.g. The college has established an effective student support mechanism.

Question 187

mutation (n)

Answer 187

[uncountable, countable] a change in the form or structure of something

e.g. the mutation of ethnic politics into nationalist politics
e.g. This essay examines the mutation of ethnic politics into nationalist politics.

Question 188

immortality (n) /ɪmɔːˈtæləti/

Answer 188

sự bất tử

Question 189

striking (adj) /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/

Answer 189

đáng chú ý, gây ấn tượng

e.g. a striking feature
e.g. She bears a striking resemblance (sự tương đồng nổi bật) to her older sister.
e.g. In striking contrast to their brothers, the girls were both intelligent and charming.

Question 190

parameter (n) /pəˈræmɪtə/

Answer 190

[usually plural] (formal) tham số

e.g. to set/define the parameters
e.g. We had to work within the parameters that had already been established.

Question 191

attain (v) /əˈteɪn/

Answer 191

to succeed in getting something, usually after a lot of effort

e.g. Most of our students attained five ‘A’ grades in their exams.
e.g. We only consider applicants who have attained a high level of academic achievement.

Question 192

upper (adj)

Answer 192

at or near the top of something

e.g. There is an upper limit of £20 000 spent on any one project.
e.g. the upper slopes of the mountain

Question 193

wear and tear (n)

Answer 193

sự hao mòn

e.g. The insurance policy does not cover damage caused by normal wear and tear.
e.g. The living-room carpet has to stand up to the combined wear and tear of two dogs and three children.

Question 194

unicellular (adj)

Answer 194

đơn bào

Question 195

mammoth (adj)

Answer 195

[usually before noun] ​extremely large

e.g. a mammoth task
e.g. a financial crisis of mammoth proportions

Question 196

body mass

Answer 196

trọng lượng cơ thể

Question 197

invert (v)

Answer 197

đảo ngược

e.g. Place a plate over the cake tin and invert it.
e.g. In questions, the subject and verb are often inverted.

Question 198

frugal (adj) /ˈfruːɡl/

Answer 198

using only as much money or food as is necessary (tằn tiện, tiết kiệm)

e.g. a frugal existence/life
e.g. The monks lead a frugal existence in their isolated monastery.
He has always been hard-working and frugal.

Question 199

chain sb/sth up

Answer 199

xích, nhốt

e.g. The dog was chained up for the night.
e.g. They took the prisoner out to the yard and chained him up.

Question 200

in captivity

Answer 200

the state of being kept as a prisoner or in a space that you cannot escape from

e.g. He was held in captivity for three years.
e.g. Wild animals do not always breed well in captivity.

Question 201

hibernation (n)

Answer 201

sự ngủ đông

Question 202

lethargy (n) /ˈleθədʒi/

Answer 202

[uncountable] the state of not having any energy or enthusiasm for doing things

e.g. He felt that he had to drag himself out of his lethargy and begin to write.

Question 203

comrade (n) /ˈkɒmreɪd/

Answer 203

= friend, buddy

Question 204

distinctly (adv) /dɪˈstɪŋktli/

Answer 204

in a way that shows a quality that is easy to recognize

e.g. a distinctly Australian accent
e.g. The two techniques are distinctly different.

Question 205

sparing (adj) /ˈspeərɪŋ/

Answer 205

​careful to use or give only a little of something

e.g. Doctors now advise only sparing use of such creams.
e.g. He was always sparing with his praise.

Question 206

reserve (n) /rɪˈzɜːv/

Answer 206

dự trữ

e.g. large oil and gas reserves
e.g. reserve funds
e.g. The country has the world’s largest reserves of coal.

Question 207

equable (adj) /ˈekwəbl/

Answer 207

​1. calm and not easily upset or annoyed
e.g. an equable temperament
e.g. He was in a remarkably equable mood when he spoke to reporters last night.

2. (of weather) keeping a steady temperature with no sudden changes
   e.g. an equable climate

Question 208

critical (adj)

Answer 208

extremely important because a future situation will be affected by it

e.g. Industry leaders are working together to address this critical issue.
e.g. The kidneys play a critical role in overall health.
e.g. Reducing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is of critical importance.
critical to something: Your decision is critical to our future.
critical for something: Timing is critical for success.

Question 209

bow (v) /baʊ/

Answer 209

to move your head or the top half of your body forwards and downwards as a sign of respect or to say hello or goodbye

e.g. The pianist stood up and bowed to the audience.