Reading Test pt 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Neoliberalism
A
Hayek & Joseph
- promotes absolute market freedom
- minimal government intervention
- encourages privatization of public services, arguing markets are the best regulators of economic activity
- Hayek and Joseph debate capitalisms ability to survive market instability
- Hayek opposes government intervention
- Joseph says capitalism will ultimately lead to its own demise
- these ideas are connected to justice & peace by shaping policies that impact economic inequality, social welfare & governmental roles in maintaining social stability
- neoliberals believe justice is seen as market efficiency, whereas critics argue such policies exacerbate inequality and social unrest, undermining peace
2
Q
Pragmatism
A
Richard Rorty
- richard rorty approach to justice is pragmatic, meaning he believes justice is shaped by real world experience, not abstract theories
- rejects the idea of universal truth, believes in cultural relativism
- rorty criticizes “enlightenment ideals” which focus on objective reasoning (he suggests they limit societal progress
- believes justice should be flexible and evolve through practice & experimentation rather than fixed standards
- his idea of “liberal ironist” uses existing systems to create change while recognizing their flaws
- his ideal figure is the “strong poet”, which doesn’t seek universal truth but creates new possibilities for social progress and justice
3
Q
Vengeance
A
Socrates
- vengeance is seen as a response to harm
- socrates vengeance is not true justice
- socrates believes justice means actions should not cause harm, even if debts are owed
- believes vengeance, especially by the oppressed, only perpetuates harm, not justice
- this idea connects to Platonic Justice, which aims for balance & peace, not retaliation
- peace is directly tied to justice in socrates view
- if vengeance is allowed, society becomes unstable
- socrates believes authority must prioritize fairness over punishment
4
Q
Petite Narratives
A
- Lyotard’s Postmodern Philosophy focuses on his critique of grand narratives
- Lyotard rejects idea of a universal, one size fits all justice, arguing justice should be localized within “petite” narratives specific to different groups or contexts
- meaning justice is not defined y universal law, but by the distinct rules and values of each group (ex. family)
- in this framework, justice arises from respecting diverse perspectives and listening to others unique needs & values
- supports a more dynamic & flexible approach
5
Q
Justice as a Gift
A
Derrida
- derrida distinguishes between law and justice, where law is based on rules and procedures that can be analyzed, but justice cannot
- derrida argues justice is experienced, not calculated, and is incalculable and unreachable
- justice is something that is done for the other, without expecting anything in return (like a gift)
- justice in this sense is a duty owed to the other without repayment, creating a relationship that transcends the transactional nature of law
- connects to sjp by highlighting that justice is not about following strict rules/calculations, but rather being in a continuous relationship w/ others
- encourages peace by focusing on ongoing relationships that honor uniqueness of everyone
6
Q
Islam
A
- in islamic culture, justice is a core principle, reflecting the belief that fairness and moral accountability are central to a well-functioning society
- Quran teachings on caring for the poor, the sick, and vulnerable align with Distributive Justice
- Distributive Justice = focus on ensuring resources and opportunities are fairly allocated
- emphasis on moral behaviour and social responsibility reflect the islamic view that justice is not just about laws, but also ethical conduct in daily life
- Quran guidance on supporting parents and assisting those in need resonates w/ idea of Justice As A Gift, where justice is expressed through generosity, kindness and a commitment to the well-being of others
