Reading Terms and Definitions Flashcards
phoneme
- smallest unit of sound of spoken language
- English has approx. 41 phonemes
- Ex: “check” has 3 /ch/ /e/ /ck/
phoneme manipulation
blending phonemes to make words, segmenting words into phonemes, deleting phonemes from words, adding phonemes to words, substituting one phoneme for another to make a new word
grapheme
- smallest part of written language that represents a phoneme
- may be just one letter or several (Ex: a, sh, igh)
phonics
understanding predictable relationship between phonemes and graphemes
systematic and explicit phonemic instruction
- Systematic: carefully selected letter-sound relationships organized into logical sequence
- Explicit: provide teachers with precise directions
phonemic awareness
ability to hear, identify, and manipulate phonemes
phonological awareness
includes phonemic awareness, work with rhymes, syllables, words, and onsets and rimes
syllable
- word part containing a vowel
- in spoken language word part contains vowel sound
decoding
- analysis of spoken or written symbols to understand meaning
- primarily refers to word identification
segmenting
when words are broken into individual phonemes, syllables, or onsets and rimes
onset and rime
- Onset: initial consonant sound of syllable
- Rime: part of syllable that contains vowel and all that follows
blending
- combining phonemes to make words
- combining onsets and rimes to make syllables and then combine syllables to make words
morpheme
unit of meaning that can’t be divided into smaller parts
Ex: book
semantics
analysis and study of meanings of words, phrases, and sentences
syntax
examination of various ways that words combine to create meaning, study of how sentences are formed, pattern/structure of word order in sentences
