Reading Quiz 6

Question 1

What clinical measure of association is derived by calculating the ratio of the rate of exposure in individuals who have the condition (or response) divided by the rate of exposure in individuals who do not have the condition (or response)?

Answer 1

Relative Risk

Question 2

If we conducted a study and found that the relative risk was 0.50, then we are estimating that the rate of the condition in the exposed group is about _____ of that in the unexposed group and, therefore, the exposure is associated with _____ risk.

Answer 2

one half; Decreased

Question 3

If we were studying the effectiveness of a of a smoking cessation program in actually helping people quit smoking and found that the value of the number needed to treat (NNT) was 18.98, how could this value be interpreted?

Answer 3

That approximately 19 smokers would need to complete the program on order to get one smoker to quit smoking.

Question 4

The clinical measure of association that quantitatively describes how well a diagnostic test identifies those with a specific condition (or response) is called:

Answer 4

Sensitivity

Question 5

The ratio of true negatives to the total number of individuals who do do not have the condition is referred to as which of the following?

Answer 5

Specificity

Question 6

When looking at a 2 x 2 Contingency Table for a diagnostic test, the number of individuals in the cell that have a positive test, and the condition is present, represents which of the following?

Answer 6

True Positives

Question 7

The proportion of individuals with a positive test who really have a particular condition refers to which of the following?

Answer 7

Positive Predicted Value