Reading Process & Comprehension

Question 1

Phoneme

Answer 1

The smallest linguistic unit which may bring about a change of meaning (kill to kiss - change of phoneme /l/ to /s/)

Question 2

Grapheme

Answer 2

the smallest written unit which may bring about a change of meaning (letters of the alphabet, punctuation marks, numerals, etc)

Question 3

Morpheme

Answer 3

smallest grammatical unit in a language (not identical to words, because a morpheme may not be able to stand alone, for example un-)

Question 4

Free Morpheme

Answer 4

a morpheme that can stand alone as a word

Question 5

Bound Morpheme

Answer 5

a morpheme that must be connected to another morpheme in order to function as a word

Question 6

Homographs

Answer 6

words with different meanings that are spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced the same (bow of the ship, bow in your hair)

Question 7

Homophones

Answer 7

words with different meanings that are pronounced the same but not necessarily spelled the same (read the book, the reed mat)

Question 8

Homonyms

Answer 8

two words with different meanings that are both pronounced the same and spelled the same (stalk of the plant, to stalk your ex-girlfriend)

Question 9

Scanning

Answer 9

looking over reading material with the goal of finding specific information

Question 10

Skimming

Answer 10

rapidly “reading” the material to get an idea of the main ideas. especially useful in pre-reading or reviewing or in reading that doesn’t require more detailed attention

Question 11

Idiom

Answer 11

combination of words that has a figurative meaning separate from their literal meaning (pulling your leg, break a leg, raining cats and dogs)

Question 12

Semantic Clue

Answer 12

a meaning clue - when reading material about cats, you expect to see words like whiskers, tails, purr, etc.

Question 13

Syntactic Clue

Answer 13

a word order clue -

Question 14

Word Structure Clue

Answer 14

recognizing the prefixes, suffixes, and various endings common in words

Question 15

Onset

Answer 15

initial part of a syllable, up to but not including the first vowel (gr in grate)

Question 16

Rime

Answer 16

art of a syllable after the onset (ate in grate)

Question 17

Phonological Awareness

Answer 17

is the ability to notice, hear, identify and manipulate words and word parts including phonemes, syllables, onset, and rime

Question 18

Phoneme Awareness

Answer 18

part of phonological awareness - recognizing the phonemes in words

Question 19

Blending

Answer 19

when a child can hear the separate sounds or parts of a word and put them together to discover the entire word…/b/ /i/ /g/ becomes big or side…walk becomes sidewalk

Question 20

Segmenting

Answer 20

the ability to take a whole word and hear its parts - finding side and walk in sidewalk or /c/ /a/ /t/ in cat.

Question 21

Alphabetic Principle

Answer 21

each phoneme corresponds to a letter or combination of letters. students’ understanding of this principle is a strong predictor of their success in reading

Question 22

Root Word

Answer 22

a morpheme that forms the “base” of another word - but cannot stand alone as a word (lum in luminary, illuminate)

Question 23

Base Word

Answer 23

a word that can stand alone that forms the “base” of another word (cycle is the base of bi)

Question 24

Lexeme

Answer 24

Word

Question 25

Syllabification

Answer 25

dividing a word into its syllables

- can be useful in word identification

Question 26

Phonics

Answer 26

teaching the alphabetic principle explicitly is often referred to as phonics