Reading Process & Comprehension Flashcards
Phoneme
The smallest linguistic unit which may bring about a change of meaning (kill to kiss - change of phoneme /l/ to /s/)
Grapheme
the smallest written unit which may bring about a change of meaning (letters of the alphabet, punctuation marks, numerals, etc)
Morpheme
smallest grammatical unit in a language (not identical to words, because a morpheme may not be able to stand alone, for example un-)
Free Morpheme
a morpheme that can stand alone as a word
Bound Morpheme
a morpheme that must be connected to another morpheme in order to function as a word
Homographs
words with different meanings that are spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced the same (bow of the ship, bow in your hair)
Homophones
words with different meanings that are pronounced the same but not necessarily spelled the same (read the book, the reed mat)
Homonyms
two words with different meanings that are both pronounced the same and spelled the same (stalk of the plant, to stalk your ex-girlfriend)
Scanning
looking over reading material with the goal of finding specific information
Skimming
rapidly “reading” the material to get an idea of the main ideas. especially useful in pre-reading or reviewing or in reading that doesn’t require more detailed attention
Idiom
combination of words that has a figurative meaning separate from their literal meaning (pulling your leg, break a leg, raining cats and dogs)
Semantic Clue
a meaning clue - when reading material about cats, you expect to see words like whiskers, tails, purr, etc.
Syntactic Clue
a word order clue -
Word Structure Clue
recognizing the prefixes, suffixes, and various endings common in words
Onset
initial part of a syllable, up to but not including the first vowel (gr in grate)
Rime
art of a syllable after the onset (ate in grate)
Phonological Awareness
is the ability to notice, hear, identify and manipulate words and word parts including phonemes, syllables, onset, and rime
Phoneme Awareness
part of phonological awareness - recognizing the phonemes in words
Blending
when a child can hear the separate sounds or parts of a word and put them together to discover the entire word…/b/ /i/ /g/ becomes big or side…walk becomes sidewalk
Segmenting
the ability to take a whole word and hear its parts - finding side and walk in sidewalk or /c/ /a/ /t/ in cat.
Alphabetic Principle
each phoneme corresponds to a letter or combination of letters. students’ understanding of this principle is a strong predictor of their success in reading
Root Word
a morpheme that forms the “base” of another word - but cannot stand alone as a word (lum in luminary, illuminate)
Base Word
a word that can stand alone that forms the “base” of another word (cycle is the base of bi)
Lexeme
Word
Syllabification
dividing a word into its syllables
- can be useful in word identification
Phonics
teaching the alphabetic principle explicitly is often referred to as phonics
