Reading Materials

Question 1

embryologic origin of the eye

Answer 1

central nervous system

Question 2

which is under greater pressure?

a) brain
b) eye

Answer 2

both!

Question 3

three coats of the eye

Answer 3

Outer fibrous layer:

Middle vascular layer (“uveal tract”):

Inner nervous layer:

Question 4

What is in the outer fibrous layer of the eye?

Answer 4

• cornea
• sclera
• lamina cribrosa

Question 5

What is in the middle vascular layer (“uveal tract”) of the eye?

Answer 5

• iris
• ciliary body – consisting of the pars plicata and pars plana
• choroids

Question 6

What is in the inner nervous layer of the eye?

Answer 6

• pigment epithelium of the retina
• retinal photoreceptors
• retinal neurons.

Question 7

The three compartments of the eye are as follows:

Answer 7

(a) Anterior chamber –
(b) Posterior chamber –
(c) Vitreous chamber –

Question 8

Describe Anterior chamber –

Answer 8

the space between the cornea and the iris diaphragm.

Question 9

Describe Posterior chamber –

Answer 9

the triangular space between the iris anteriorly, the lens and zonule posteriorly, and the ciliary body.

Question 10

Vitreous chamber –

Answer 10

the space behind the lens and zonule.

Question 11

three intraocular fluids

Answer 11

• Aqueous humour
• Vitreous humour
• Blood

Question 12

Where is most of the blood within the eye?

Answer 12

Choroid

Question 13

What has the largest blood flow per unit tissue in the body?

Answer 13

choroidal blood flow

Question 14

sclera is thickest ____ and thinnest _____

Answer 14

thickest posteriorly and thinnest beneath the insertions of the recti muscles

Question 15

5 layers of cornea

Answer 15

1. Epithelium and its basement membrane –
2. Bowman’s layer –
3. Stroma –
4. Descemet’s membrane –
5. Endothelium –

Question 16

What is the middle layer of the eye called?

Answer 16

uvea

Question 17

what are the 3 parts of the uveal tract

Answer 17

• choroid
• ciliary body
• iris

Question 18

what is called the intermediate uvea

Answer 18

The ciliary body

Question 19

The blood supply of the globe is derived from three sources:

Answer 19

• the central retinal artery
• the anterior ciliary arteries
• the posterior ciliary arteries

Question 20

The 3 sources of blood supply of eye is derived from

Answer 20

ophthal- mic artery, which is a branch of the internal carotid

Question 21

What types of nerve ending in cornea?

Answer 21

pain

Question 22

Axons of the ganglion cells visual and pupillary reflex pathways:

Answer 22

• nerve fibre layer of retina
• optic nerve
• optic chiasm
• optic tract.

Question 23

Subcortical centres and relays

Answer 23

superior colliculus – reflex control of eye movements
• pretectal nuclei – pupillary reflexes
• lateral geniculate body – cortical relay

Question 24

superior colliculus controls

a) cortical relay b) pupillary reflexes
c) reflex control of eye movements
pretectal nuclei

Answer 24

c) reflex control of eye movements

pretectal nuclei

Question 25

pretectal nuclei controls

a) cortical relay b) pupillary reflexes
c) reflex control of eye movements
pretectal nuclei

Answer 25

b) pupillary reflexes

Question 26

lateral geniculate body controls

a) cortical relay b) pupillary reflexes
c) reflex control of eye movements
pretectal nuclei

Answer 26

a) cortical relay

Question 27

tear film consists of three layers:

Answer 27

the mucoid, aqueous and oily layers

Question 28

Mucoid layer is produced by

a) goblet cells in the conjunctival epithelium
b) lacrimal gland
c) meibomian glands (modified sebaceous glands)

Answer 28

a) goblet cells in the conjunctival epithelium

Question 29

watery (aqueous) layer is produced by

a) goblet cells in the conjunctival epithelium
b) lacrimal gland
c) meibomian glands (modified sebaceous glands)

Answer 29

b) lacrimal gland

Question 30

oily layer is produced by

a) goblet cells in the conjunctival epithelium
b) lacrimal gland
c) meibomian glands (modified sebaceous glands)

Answer 30

c) meibomian glands (modified sebaceous glands)

Question 31

normal volume of aqueous humour

Answer 31

0.3 ml

Question 32

function of aqueous humour

Answer 32

nourish lens and cornea

Question 33

how is aqueous formed?

Answer 33

active secretion and ultrafiltration from the ciliary processes in the posterior chamber

Question 34

how is vitreous formed?

Answer 34

Produced by cells in the non-pigmented portion of the ciliary body