READING IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Flashcards
- The story of your grandfather tells you about his experience during the World War.
Primary source
- A letter was written by Alberto Dela Cruz to his mother about the latest developments in the Revolutionary War.
P
- The Diary of Anne Frank - the published diary of a teenage girl who experiences the Holocaust firsthand.
P
- Your Sociology textbook or an encyclopedia.
S
- Your high school diplomas
P
- A photograph of you and your friends at your 8TH birthday party.
P
- The information from the museum tour guide who shows you around the exhibit and shares facts with you.
S
- A mummy from Cordillera.
P
- The Monreal Stones
P
Kampilan ni lapu lapu
P
The eminent historian _______ from the University of
the Philippines has this
definition“ang kasaysayan ay
isang salaysay na may saysay
sa mga taong nagsasaysay” o
“ang kasaysayan ay isang
salaysay hinggil sa nakaraan
na may saysay para sa
sinsalsayang pangkat ng tao o
salinlahi”
Zeus Salazar
To ________, History is the
study of the relevant past. It is
the struggle of the Filipino
people for freedom.
Agoncillo
While ______, define it as
the history of the inarticulate
Constantino
presents readers the plain and basic information
about the events that took place (what), the time
and date with which the events happened
(when), the place with which the events took
place, and the people that were involved (who).
Factual History
According to Ligan, et.al.2018, it goes beyond
facts because it is concerned about the reasons
for which events happened (why), and the way
they happened (how).
Speculative History
Study of the past
• It is a story or tale of what has happened or may have
happened in the past.
• It shows how we have organized and managed our
societies before.
• It gives us a sense of identity
• It refers to an earlier time
• Study of great individuals
HISTORY
History is derived from the ____ Greek word which means Learning by inquiry.
Historia
The imaginative reconstruction of the past from the data
derived from the Historical Methods, this process is called
historiography.
The process of critically examining and analyzing the
records and survivals of the past is called the ______
historical method
_______ are sourced from artifacts that have been left in the past. These artifacts can either be relics or remains, or the testimonies of witnesses to the past.
Historical data
➢ are those that examine the physical condition of the
document.
➢ examines the authenticity of the document of the evidence
being used.
EXTERNAL CRITICISM
➢ examines the content and interprets the documents.
➢ examines the truthfulness of the content of the evidence.
INTERNAL CRITICISM
• Incomplete
• It led to
questioning/doubt
• Difficult to access
• Unusable
Disadvantage
• Provide a window into
the past
• Unfiltered
• Unique
Advantage
on the other hand, are materials made
by people long after the events being described had taken place to
provide valuable interpretations of historical events. A secondary
source analyzes and interprets primary sources. It is an
interpretation of a second-hand account of a historical event.
SECONDARY SOURCES
offer an analysis or a
restatement of primary sources. They often attempt to
describe or explain primary sources.
SECONDARY SOURCES
is typically composed in order to inform
contemporaries or succeeding generations;
SCIENTIFIC TRACT
might be intended to shape opinion
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
such as a
diary or memoir might be composed in order to persuade readers of
the justice of the author’s actions;
- EGO DOCUMENT OR PERSONAL NARRATIVES
might be made to entertain, deliver moral
teaching, or further a religious cause;
NOVEL OR FILM
might be written in praise of the subjects worth and
achievements (a panegyric, a public speech, or published text in
praise of someone or something or hagiography, the writing of the
lives of saints).
- BIOGRAPHY
is the charter, which is a legal instrument.
A legal document is usually sealed or authenticated to provide evidence that a legal transaction has been completed and can be
used as evidence in a judicial proceeding in case of a dispute.
DIPLOMATIC SOURCE
possess specific formal
properties, such as hand and print style, the ink, the seal,
for external properties, and rhetorical devices and images
for internal properties, which are determined by the norms
of laws and by tradition. Such characters also vary in time
(each generation has its own norms) and according to
origin (each bureaucracy has its own traditions).
DIPLOMATIC SOURCES
are information pertaining to economic, social, political, or judicial
significance. They are records kept by bureaucracies.
A few examples are government reports, such as municipal
accounts, research findings, and documents like parliamentary
procedures, civil registry records, property registers, and records of
the census.
SOCIAL DOCUMENTS
also known as archeological evidence is
one of the most important pieces of unwritten pieces of evidence.
This includes artistic creations such as pottery, jewelry, dwellings,
graves, churches, roads, and others that tell a story about the past.
Material evidence,
is also an important source of information for
historians. Much is told by the tales or sagas of ancient peoples and
the folk songs or popular rituals from the premodern period of
Oral evidence
are the raw materials of historical
research - they are the documents or artifacts closest to
the topic of investigation.
PRIMARY SOURCES
are original, first-hand accounts of an event
or period that are usually written or made during or close to the event
or period. These sources are original and factual, not interpretive.
Their key function is to provide facts.
PRIMARY SOURCES
Written sources are usually categorized in three ways:
- narrative or literary,
- diplomatic or juridical, and
- social documents.
Unwritten sources are as essential as written sources. There are
two types:
- material evidence
- oral evidence
public speech
panegyric
live of saints
hagiography
