Reading Building Flashcards
The authors say, nothing time firefighters have to make an impact on fire and save the building has been reduced for all buildings. This is due to.
The abundance of synthetic contents
What is the belief of the authors text, where appropriate, the initial and continuing size ups, provided to the incident commander at every structure fired should include:
The type of building construction that is being exposed to fire and/or a noteworthy amount of heat and the aproximate amount of time of exposure
The amount of heat a material absorbs before it starts breaking down is:
Directly proportional to its surface to mass ratio
The type of she thing that is the choice for the paralyzing fuel source and flashover simulators is
Particleboard
The more recent definition of pillar does not include
Column
A reinforcement wall that adds building stiffness to help resist the impact load of wind is a:
Shear wall
And NFPA overview includes definitions. The definition of unprotected is:
A material that when exposed, or can be exposed, and its natural state to the effects of heat and/or fire, will cause degradation of its structural integrity
Type one buildings can be a benefit to fire Gran, personal due to the fire resistance properties that are in here to the building time. When it comes to determining from the street, weather in building is type one or two the task is:
Virtually impossible
____________ are common in older buildings and are normally up conventional construction.
Cocklofts
Hey collapse issue of wood beams and masonry wall pockets would indicate that a building would be:
Pre-– World War I era
Arguably, the most fire fighter, friendly building from a collapse potential perspective is the
Legacy building
IFC buildings are becoming quite popular. There are three types of ICF construction. Which of the following is the correct order of these types from the friendliest to unfriendliest to firefighters?
ICF panel system –> ICF post and beam system –> I CF grid block form
Engineered wood can be referred to, as all of the following:
Man-made would, manufactured board, composite wood
Basement fires can be notoriously difficult to extinguish, due to all the following reasons:
Location, minimal access/egress routes, ventilation considerations
What is a characteristic of post – 1933 construction?
Portland cement is utilized in the mortar
The type of roof, which has inherent strength, but has a hazard when there is no Ridgeboard is the:
Gable roof
The___________ was all metal and its original form. Then, all iron, all wood, wood and iron, and all steel materials were used to construct them.
Bowstring roof
What sort of glasses, common in high-rise buildings?
Tempered glass
Knob and tube wiring was a common ungrounded wiring. System used from the late 1800s do the 1930s. We’re two wires crossed over or where it wired entered a junction or outlet box a cloth tube or________ was used
Loom
A parapet is a continuation of an exterior wall above the roofline of a building. The term parapet comes from the Italian word parapetto , which means:
To cover and defend
Chapter 9
Supplementary considerations to remember when evaluating conventional versus lightweight construction include baseline time frames. If a fire is exposing lightweight structural members for more than _______ minutes, rethink interior and/for roof operations
5
Mittendorf and Dodson wonder why the fire service does not require a minimum of two ways to exit a building. They compare it to current standards of now I have it:
A minimum of two ladders to a roofer personnel, operating above ground
What type of single-family dwelling has a construction method of loadbearing breakfast here with wood frame interior
Craftsman and American foursquare
A building status for those that have outlived their usefulness, falling into disrepair and shows signs of the owner has basically given up on the building
Abandoned
Refers to a variety of wood, framing techniques that reduce the amount of lumber and waste used to construct a wood frame building and increases energy efficiency. Also known as optimal value engineering.
Advanced framing methods (afm)
Building construction materials, assemblies, and the systems that are nontraditional, usually innovative, or don’t readily fit in the five classic types. Also called hybrid construction.
Alternative building methods
A natural element that exists in many minerals and ores. One of the most abundant metals that exist on earth.
Aluminum
A trust in which the top cord is arched, and the bottom cord is straight(horizontal)
Arched truss
Two types of arched trusses
Can be bowstring (tied) or rigid
A large space that is created by a steep pitched roof
Attic
Building blocks made from a mixture of sand, Portland, cement, gypsum, water, expansion agents, and air that forms a solid block that is 1/5 the weight of a similar size concrete block
Autoclave aerated concrete (AAC)
A load that is imposed to the center of the material
Axial load
A wood framing method where exterior wall studs are continuous from the sill plate to the roof plate. Floors are attached to ribbon board, with no fire, stopping structure within the wall.
Balloon frame
A steel parallel cord truss, assembled with angle iron for the cords and cold, drawn round bullet for the web
Bar truss or bar joist
Concept of ensuring the platform you are working on, roof or floor, will safely support you for the duration of your operations.
Base of operations
Structural elements that deliver loads, perpendicularly to their impose load and in doing so create opposing forces within the element
Beams
A tied truss with an arched upper cord and a horizontal tension bottom cord that connects the ends of the arched cord, creating compression in the top cord. Diagonal web members are added to help transfer loads.
Bowstring truss
A roof style characterized by sides that are slope from the exterior walls to flat roof portion. The slope sides are derived from the trapezoidal shape of the truss. unequal parallel cords with bottom cord longer than the top.
Bridge truss
A material that will fracture or fail, as it is deformed or stressed
Brittle
Any of various alternative materials used to form a stacked wall. For example, mortorless concrete blocks engineered with unique internal shapes filled with expanded polystyrene.
Building block systems
The process of evaluating current and changing conditions and making judgments about the risks and integrity of various portions of a building
Building triage
An older wood frame construction style that uses rough sawn 2 x 3” or 2 x 4” rafters faced up to 36 inch on center. Each is Butted together at the ridge without a Ridgeboard, and typically use one by four spaced sheathing nailed to the rafters.
Bungalow construction
An exterior wall bracing feature used to assist with lateral forces created where roof beams or trusses rest on a wall. Also known as a counterfort. Structural in nature and can take on numerous shapes.
Buttress
A beam supported at only one end
Cantilever beam
Composite materials that include a reinforcing material that is bound together with a polymer
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer
A material usually formed from Milton pig iron, which has a high carbon content and his thus brittle
Cast-iron
A small space that is created when a roof is raised above the level of ceiling joist, and Raptors to provide a pitch for drainage
Cockloft
Any structural element that is loaded axially, along its length, in compression
Column
Also, known as framing junctions, were two or more structural members are joined, and how they are joined
Component connections
A stress that causes and material to flatten or crush
Compression
A load that is applied with in a small area or at one point
Concentrated load
A mixture of Portland, cement, sand, and aggregate and water that cures into a solid mass
Concrete
A type of masonry wall construction that consists of gaps between parallel course is a masonry units that are filled with concrete and pieces of brick or concrete with vertical and or horizontal runs of rebar
Concrete infill
A beam supported by three or more columns
Continuous beam
Solid lumber of 2 x 6” or larger used in a standard framing configuration
Conventional construction
A roof design to reflect more of the suns rays than a common roof
Cool roof
The unfinished space below a ground floor that allows access to under floor, utilities. Limited height, and usually have a soil surface.
Crawlspace
The junction of a vertical member, such as a skylight, riser, parapet, wall, and a horizontal member, such as a roof, where the intersection Junction is covered by a roofing material
Cricket
An engineered wood product, using several layers, 3 to 7 or more, of boards that are layered crosswise, typically rotated, 90° and glued
Cross laminated timber (clt)
An exterior wall used to enclose multiple stories
Curtain wall
A basement arrangement found on buildings built on slopes and are under the grade floor, or main entrance, which allows occupants to walk out of the basement and lower grade level through a doorway to the outside
Daylight or walkout basement
The way of the building itself and anything permanently attached to the building
Dead loads
The horizontal or patched platform for floors or roofs. _______ is applied directly to beams to provide a surface to accept loads, (building, contents, and people) or a durable cover (roofing)
Decking
Thin wood paneling, used to finish interior walls or the outside of cabinets
Decorative sheathing
Hey series of one by 6 inch boards that run out a 45° angle from the exterior walls to the primary structural members and provide increased structural, stability(compared to straight sheathing) as they cross more roof structural members
Diagonal sheathing
A load spread over a large surface or over multiple points
Distributed load
An occupancy division wall is used to provide a major subdivision within a building for tenant needs. A fire division wall is used to subdivide a building, and or attic to restrict the spread of fire.
Division wall
A moving panel or other movable cover, used to close an opening in a wall
Door the fuck
A building technique that uses two parallel walls, spaced about 3 1/2 inches apart, that are built with dimensional lumber and configured with either opposing (aligned) or offset (staggered) studs. The gap between the walls can be filled with insulation and provide a high R-value.
Double stud wall construction
A material that will bend, deflect or stretch as a load is applied, yet retain some strength
Ductile
A load that is imposed, off-center, causing immaterial to want to bend
Eccentric load
When does that are primarily designed to allow an occupant to change the amount of light a window reflects. This is accomplished by using tiny, transparent electrodes sandwiched between two pans of glass, also known as suspended particles display windows.
Electrochromatic smart, glass windows
A term used by the fire service to describe a host of wood products that use modern methods to transform wood chips/slivers, veneers, shavings, and even recycled, wood products into components, that replay, song, lumber, sheathing, and other composite structural materials.
Engineered wood
Derivative wood product, primarily manufactured by binding fibers, strands, particles, or veneers of the word together with adhesives. Also referred to as manufactured board, man-made word, and composite wood.
Engineered wood product (ewp)
The historic time. During which a building was built. Predominant areas include the pre-World War I, (historical), pre-World War II, (industrial), post World War II (legacy), and the new engineered lightweight.
Era
Gable
Hip
Bridge Truss
Arch
Gambrel
Monitor
