Reading A & B Flashcards
What is interpersonal communication?
A complex process of creating meaning in the context of an interpersonal relationship.
What are the basic components of the communication process?
- Source
- Message
- Channel
- Receiver
- Noise
- Feedback
- Context
What is the source in the communication process?
The originator of the ideas and feelings expressed.
What does encoding mean?
The process of putting a message into a code.
What is decoding?
The process by which the receiver interprets the words or nonverbal cues.
Define ‘message’ in the context of communication.
The written, spoken, and unspoken elements of communication to which people assign meaning.
What is a channel in communication?
The means by which the message is expressed to the receiver.
Who is the receiver in the communication process?
The person or persons who interpret the message.
What is noise in communication?
Anything that interferes with the message being interpreted as intended.
What is feedback in communication?
A response to the message.
What is context in communication?
The physical and psychological environment for communication.
List the five principles of interpersonal communication.
- Connects us to others
- Irreversible
- Complicated
- Governed by rules
- Involves both content and relationship dimensions
True or False: All interpersonal relationship problems are communication problems.
False
Explain why interpersonal communication is irreversible.
Once created, communication cannot be uncreated or taken back.
What does it mean that interpersonal communication is complicated?
It involves multiple variables and interpretations, making misunderstandings common.
What is a rule in interpersonal communication?
A followable prescription indicating what behavior is obligated, preferred, or prohibited in certain contexts.
What are explicit rules in communication?
Rules that are clearly stated or written.
What are implicit rules in communication?
Rules that are understood but not directly stated.
What is the content dimension of a communication message?
The information, ideas, or suggested action that the speaker wishes to share.
What is the relationship dimension of a communication message?
Cues about the relationship between the communicators.
Fill in the blank: Communication is governed by _______.
[rules]
According to Osmo Wiio, if communication can fail, it ______.
it will
What is the significance of feedback in communication?
It ensures that communication is effective by allowing responses and clarification.
True or False: The rules of interpersonal relationships are always clear.
False
What happens when there is noise in communication?
The message may not be interpreted as intended.
How can interpersonal communication connect us to others?
It enables interaction and relationship building through shared meaning.
What does it mean that interpersonal communication is inescapable?
People cannot avoid communicating, even unintentionally.
What is an example of unintentional communication?
Falling asleep during class.
What role does context play in communication?
It influences how messages are interpreted based on environmental and relational factors.
What are the two primary dimensions of a communication message?
Content Message and Relationship Message
The content includes the information shared, while the relationship dimension provides cues about emotions and power dynamics.
What does the content message consist of?
Information, ideas, or suggested action that the speaker wishes to share.
What does the relationship message indicate?
Cues about emotions, attitudes, and the amount of power and control the speaker feels regarding the other person.
What is metacommunication?
Communication about communication, which can be verbal or nonverbal.
How can nonverbal communication contradict verbal messages?
Nonverbal cues, like tone of voice, can modify the meaning of verbal content.
What is important to consider about meaning in communication?
Meaning is created in the heart and mind of the communicator, not in the words themselves.
True or False: All interpersonal relationship problems are always communication problems.
False
Understanding can exist even when there is disagreement.
True or False: Interpersonal communication is irreversible.
True
Once information has been communicated, it cannot be erased.
What is a myth regarding interpersonal communication complexities?
There are always simple solutions to all communication problems.
What is the first stage of a counseling session?
Empathic Relationship – Initiating the Session.
What is essential for establishing rapport in a counseling session?
Using the client’s name and personalizing the session.
What does structuring a session include?
Informed consent and outlining ethical issues.
What should counselors listen for during the initial sessions?
Preliminary goals.
What is the focus during Stage 2 of a counseling session?
Gathering data and drawing out the client’s story and strengths.
What technique helps clarify a client’s concern?
The basic listening sequence, including open and closed questions.
What is the main objective of Stage 3 in the counseling process?
Mutual goal setting.
Why is mutuality important in goal setting?
It ensures both counselor and client are aligned on the session’s direction.
What should counselors do with broad goals set in earlier sessions?
Refine and make them more precise.
What is the emphasis of Stage 4 in counseling?
Exploring alternatives and restorying the client’s narrative.
What is the goal of restorying in a counseling session?
To encourage clients to discover their own solutions.
What are some useful questions to assist in client problem-solving?
- Can you brainstorm ideas?
- What other alternatives can you think of?
- Tell me about a success you have had.
What is the primary role of the counselor during the exploration process?
To facilitate the client’s resolution of issues without judgment.
What is the first step a counselor needs to take when addressing client issues?
Establish rapport
Building a connection with the client is essential for effective counseling.
How do counselors help clients identify desired outcomes?
By defining the issue and relating client concerns to desired outcomes
What are the three basic ways to resolve the incongruity between problems and desired outcomes?
- Use attending skills to clarify the client’s frame of reference
- Use information, directives, and psychoeducational interventions
- Use interpretation, self-disclosure, and other influencing skills
What is the ultimate aim in the decision-making process in counseling?
Aim for decision and a new story
What is the importance of planning for change in counseling?
It greatly increases the likelihood of behavior and attitude changes occurring in real life
Fill in the blank: The most basic way to help clients maintain and use new learning is through _____ .
Contracting
What are some techniques counselors can use to facilitate the transfer of learning from sessions?
- Contracting
- Homework and journaling
- Follow-up and support
What does assigning homework in counseling help with?
It helps the effect of the session continue after the session ends
How can counselors provide follow-up and support?
By asking clients to return for further sessions with specific goals and providing emotional support
True or False: Listening is just about hearing or seeing.
False
What is attending behavior?
Supporting your client with individually and culturally appropriate verbal following, visuals, voice quality, and body language
What exercise can help identify effective listening skills?
Experiencing poor listening
What is the main goal of attending and listening behaviors in counseling?
To communicate empathy and understanding to the client
