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Teas > Reading > Flashcards

Reading Flashcards

1
Q

Supporting Details

A
  1. provide evidence and backing for the main point
  2. to reinforce some larger point
  3. most commonly found in informative and persuasive texts
  4. some cases clearly indicated by terms like “for example” or “for instance”
  5. consider whether this backs up the authors main point
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2
Q

Main Idea

A
  1. the most important point being made by the author

2. stated directly and often appears in a sentence at the very beginning or end of the text

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3
Q

Topic

A
  1. Subject of a text
  2. what the text is all about
  3. usually expressed in a few words
  4. stated directly and often appears in a sentence at the very beginning or end of text
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4
Q

Implications

A
  1. things that the author does not state directly, but the readers can assume based on what the author does say
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5
Q

Inferences

A
  1. a piece of information that is implied but not written outright by the author
  2. avoid using information beyond the provided passage before making inferences
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6
Q

Directly stated information

A
  1. always aim to draw conclusions from information stated within a passage
  2. read the entire passage before drawing conclusions
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7
Q

Logical Conclusions

A
  1. Combine the information given to you by the text with what you already know
  2. approach the task by making brief notes
  3. must be supported directly by the text
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8
Q

Summarize

A
  1. should accurately define the main idea of a passage
  2. does not need to explain the main idea in exhausted detail
  3. should continue by laying out the most important supporting details/ arguments from the passage
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9
Q

Following directions

A
  1. scan the directions to determine whether special equipment or preparations are needed
  2. after briefly reading the directions, the reader should return to the first step
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10
Q

Memo

A
  1. a common form of written communication
  2. a heading at the top indicating the author, date and recipient
  3. below in the body of the memo
  4. usually contain a plan of action, a request for information on a specific topic, or a response to such a request
  5. usually written in formal style
  6. can be organized with bullet points and numbers
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11
Q

Posted annoucement

A
  1. need to contain all of the information the reader requires to act on the message
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12
Q

Classified advertisement

A
  1. used to sell or buy goods, to attract business, etc.
  2. begins with a word or phrase indicated what is being sold or sought.
  3. listing will give a brief description of the product or service
  4. will conclude by listing a price, followed by contact information
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13
Q

Legend or key of a map

A
  1. defines the symbols used on the map for various landmarks
  2. usually placed in a corner of the map
  3. may also show different dots and squares that are used to indicate towns of various sizes
  4. may contain information about the maps scale
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14
Q

Events in a sequence

A
  1. text is indicated with the signal words like “first, then, next and last”
  2. ‘texts do not always proceed in an orderly sequence from first to last. sometimes they begin at the end and start over the beginning.
  3. make brief notes to clarify the correct order
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15
Q

Fact

A
  1. can be subjected to analysis and can be either proven or disproved.
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16
Q

Opinion

A
  1. the author’s personal thoughts or feelings which may not be alterable by research or evidence
  2. may be indicated by the words”believe, think or fee;”
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17
Q

Bias

A
  1. Authors demonstrate this when they ignore reasonable counterarguments or distort opposing viewpoints
  2. is evident whenever the author is unfair or inaccurate in their presentation
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18
Q

Stereotype

A
  1. is applied specifically to a group or place

2. is considered to be particularly abhorrent because the practice promotes negative generalizations about people

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19
Q

Problem-solution text structure

A
  1. the problem is often explained before the solution is presented
  2. when the problem is known, the solution may be introduced briefly at the beginning
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20
Q

Descriptive text

A
  1. focuses on a particular subject and attempts to depict the subject in a way that will be clear to readers
  2. contain many adjectives and adverbs
  3. will be informative and the passage may be persuasive and entertaining as well
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21
Q

Comparsion

A
  1. author describing how two things are alike
  2. may have indicating terms such as “both, same, like, too, and as well”
    a single sentence may compare and contrast
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22
Q

Contrast

A
  1. authors describing how two things are different
  2. may have terms like “but, however, on the other hand, instead, and yet”
    3, a single sentence may compare and contrast
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23
Q

Cause

A
  1. is an act or event that makes something happen

2. may have terms such as “since, because, and due to”

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24
Q

Effect

A
  1. is the thing that happens as a result of a cause

2. may have terms such as “consequently, therefore, this leads to”

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25
Q

Narrative passage

A
  1. is a story that can be fiction or nonfiction
  2. the text must have a plot, characters
  3. often contains figurative language which is meant to stimulate the imagination of readers by making comparisons and observations
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26
Q

Expository passage

A
  1. aims to inform and enlighten the readers
  2. is usually nonfiction and centers around simple and easily defined topic
  3. contains helpful organizing words, like “first,next, for example, and therefore”
27
Q

Technical passage

A
  1. written to describe a complex object or process
  2. common in medical or technological fields
  3. usually proceeds in a very logical order
  4. often has clear headings and subheadings
  5. these passages divide sections up with numbers or letters
28
Q

Persuasive passage

A
  1. is meant to change the mind of the readers and lead them in agreement with the author
  2. is most likely to appeal to the reader’s emotions and the make the claims based on opinion
  3. may not describe alternate positions, but when they do, they often display significant bias
29
Q

Word meaning from text

A
  1. how to identify the definition of a word from its context
  2. defining a word based on the words around it and the way it is used in a sentence
  3. words can be define by what they are not
30
Q

Figurative language

A
  1. language that goes beyond the literal meaning of a word or phrase
  2. descriptive language is one type of this language
  3. exaggeration is another type of this language
  4. similes and metaphors are ways of comparing things and are both types of this language
31
Q

Metaphor

A
  1. is a type of figurative language in which the writer equates one thing with a different thing
  2. the point is to encourage the reader to consider the item being described in a different way
  3. they are a way for the author to describe an item without being direct and obvious
32
Q

Simile

A
  1. is a type of figurative expression that is similar to a metaphor, yet the expression requires the use of the words “like or as”
  2. authors explicitly indicate that the description is not the same thing as the thing being described
33
Q

Personification

A
  1. is a type of figurative language that gives the description of a nonhuman thing as if it were human
    2, general intent of this is to describe things a manner that will be comprehensible to readers
34
Q

Denotative meaning of words

A
  1. is the literal meaning of the word

2. nonfiction usually used this type of meaning of words

35
Q

Connotative meaning of words

A
  1. goes beyond the literal meaning to include the emotional reaction that a word may invoke
  2. fiction usually used this type of meaning of words
36
Q

Dictionary entries

A
  1. are in alphabetical order
  2. you can try to replace the dictionary’s definitions for the word in the passage, then choose the definition that seems to be best fit
37
Q

Purpose

A
  1. inform- if the author makes their main idea clear from the beginning then the likely purpose is to inform
  2. persuade- if the author begins by making a claim and provides various arguments to support that claim, then the purpose is the probably persuade
  3. entertain- if the author tells a story or seems to want the attention of the reader more than to push a particular point or deliver information then their are most likely to entertain
38
Q

Expression of feelings

A
  1. may use expressive or bold language
  2. sometimes authors will express feelings because they are describing a personal situation of great pain or happiness
  3. authors will attempt to persuade the reader and will use emotion to stir up the passions
  4. use words like “I felt and I sense”
39
Q

Identifying an author’s position

A
  1. when an author uses emotional language or clearly favors one side of an argument, their position is clear.
  2. the author’s position may be evident not only in what they write, but also in what they don’t write
40
Q

Headings

A
  1. larger than the subheadings
  2. not always complete sentences
  3. gives the topic that will be addressed in the paragraphs below
41
Q

Subheadings

A
  1. not always in complete sentences

2. give the topics of smaller sections

42
Q

Footnotes

A
  1. is text that is listed at the bottom of a page which lists where facts and figures within the document page were obtained
43
Q

Endnotes

A
  1. listed at the end of the paragraphs and chapters of a document
44
Q

Bold text

A
  1. often because the author wants to emphasize the point that is being made
  2. indicates importance
45
Q

Uderlining

A
  1. to suggest emphasis

2. often used on occasion beneath the titles of books, magazines and works or art

46
Q

Italics

A
  1. to emphasize important words, phrases and sentences in a text.
  2. used for titles or long or short works, like books
47
Q

Index

A
  1. normally a nonfiction book will have an index
  2. to information about specific topics
  3. lists the topics in alphabetical order
48
Q

Table of contents

A
  1. at the beginning of the works

2. lists the different subjects or chapter titles with a page number

49
Q

Primary sources

A
  1. is the documentary evidence closest to the subject being studied
  2. ex. photographs, videos, recordings
  3. should be credible
50
Q

Secondary sources

A
  1. would be a review of the primary source
51
Q

Predictions

A
  1. a guess about what will happen next
52
Q

Foreshadowing

A
  1. uses hints in a narrative to let the audience anticipate future events in the plot
  2. can be indicated by the number of literary devices and figures of speech, as well as through dialogue between characters
53
Q

Theme

A
  1. is an issue or an idea or a question raised by the text

2. they usually raise more questions than they answer

54
Q

Disparity

A
  1. known as the dialectical approach

2. the author does not need to express themes directly, they can be expressed through events and actions

55
Q

Text evidence

A
  1. refers to information that supports a main point or minor points an can help lead the reader to a conclusion
56
Q

Appeal to emotion

A
  1. attempt to persuade or distract the reader from the weakness of the argument
  2. the bandwagon approach in which they suggests that their opinion is correct because it is held by the majority
57
Q

Line graph

A
  1. typically used for measuring trends over time

2. is set along a vertical and horizontal axis

58
Q

Bar graph

A
  1. is one of the most common visual representations of information
  2. used to illustrate sets of numerical data
59
Q

Pie chart

A
  1. is useful depicting how a single unit or category is divided
  2. each wedge is proportional in size to a part of a whole
  3. is effective at showing a single entity is divided into parts
  4. not effective at demonstrating the relationships between two different wholes
60
Q

Spatial organization

A

this is useful as it lets the user see the information, to fix it in space. this has benefits for those individuals who are visually adept at processing informations

61
Q

Chronological organiziaton

A

this is the most common presentation of information. this method places information in the sequence in which it occurs

62
Q

Logical organization

A

this includes presenting material in a pattern that makes intuitive sense.
their are six major types: illustration, definition, classifying, comparing and contrasting, cause and effect, problem and solution

63
Q

Synthesis of research

A
  1. learn to ask yourself questions which require you to do this thing from the content from different portions of the data, such as asking questions about the data’s important information

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